Classification Unit 3 Classification Activity Please sit down

Classification Unit 3

Classification Activity • Please sit down if you: • • Are taller than 5’ 9” Have blonde Hair Have brown Eyes Are left-Handed

Why Classify? • To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner. • Taxonomy: science of classification • By using a scientific name, scientists can be sure everyone is discussing the same organism. mountain lion ? puma? cougar ? panther?  cientific name = Felis concolor

Assigning Scientific Names • Aristotle attempted to classify organisms based on where they lived - land, water or air. • With the invention of the microscope, classifying the diversity of life became difficult. • A major step was taken by Carolus Linnaeus who developed binomial nomenclature (two-name naming system. ) • In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name, which is always written in italics. First name is capitalized and second is lowercase.

Binomial Nomenclature Ursus arctos Genus Species

Dichotomous Key • Tool to help user identify living and non-living things. • Dichotomous comes from two Greek words that together mean, “divided into two parts”. • In each step of the key, only two choices are given; a direction is given or the organisms scientific name.

Dichotomous Key

Dichotomous Key Activity

Class Activity!

Make your own Dichotomous Key

Warm-Up!

Linnaeus’s System of Classification • Linnaeus's hierarchical system of classification includes eight levels: • • Domain Kingdom  hylum  lass  rder  amily  enus  pecies • Each level is called a taxon (pl. taxa). • Species: organisms that look alike and inter-breed under natural conditions.

Trick! • • Definitely Keep Pond Clean Or Froggy Gets Sick Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Read and Respond

Warm-Up! • What are the eight levels of classification? • What are the 3 domains? • What are the 6 kingdoms?

Kingdoms and Domains • Linnaeus's two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae did not adequately represent the diversity of life. • Microorganisms became kingdom Protista. • Mushrooms, yeasts and molds were placed in Fungi. • Later, bacteria were named kingdom Monera. • More recently, kingdom Monera was subdivided into two groups: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.

Domains • Three domains • Eukarya (Protists, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) • Bacteria (Eubacteria) • Archaea (Archaebacteria)

Domain Bacteria

Domain Bacteria • Extremely Diverse • Some photosynthetic • Some pathogenic (causing disease) • Some need oxygen to live, others are killed by oxygen Streptococcus Escherichia coli

Domain Archaea

Domain Archaea • Live in extreme environments • Volcanic hot springs • Brine pools • Bottom of the ocean • Many can only survive in the absence of oxygen Halophiles Methanogens

Domain Eukarya

Eukarya-Protista • Great variety • Three basic groups • Animal-like • Plant-like • Fungi-like Amoeba Paramecium

Eukarya-Fungi • Feed on dead or decaying matter • Secrete digestive enzymes, then absorb small molecules • Cell walls made of chitin

Eukarya-Plantae • Non motile-cannot move from place to place • Cell walls made of cellulose

Eukarya-Animalia • Heterotrophic – must eat others to survive • No cell walls

Time to Practice! • Pg 461: # 3 -5 • Pg 463: Classify the leaves using dichotomous key • Pg 465: #1 -5, 8 -10