CLASSIFICATION the grouping of objects or information based

CLASSIFICATION: the grouping of objects or information based on similarities

Taxonomy The branch of biology concerned with grouping & naming of organisms Large changes over time

Aristotle’s System (384 -322 BC) 1 st method Two major groups: plants and animals Plants classified as: herbs, shrubs, or trees Animals classified according to where they live: land, air, water

Linnaeus’ Classification System Late 18 th century Organisms selected based on physical characteristics Led to classification based on close relationships Binomial Nomenclature or Two-word classification system: Genus and descriptive word Genus: a group of closely related species Species: a group of similar organism that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Systematics Is the science of naming and grouping organisms into groups that have biological meaning What do I mean by biological meaning? What type of evidence would I use? *Hint: think back to last unit* Fossils Genetics- DNA sequences Structure Embryology Chemistry

Taxonomy: Kingdom Broadest category Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species most specific category How can you remember this?

Let’s see how it works! SPECIES

Six Kingdoms of Living Organisms: Archaebacteria (Ancient Bacteria) 3. 5 bya Few bacteria Found in EXTREME environments Salt lakes, swamps, hydrothermal vents deep in the ocean

Eubacteria (true bacteria) All prokaryotes Almost all are unicellular More than 5, 000 species Most bacteria are in this kingdom

Protists Very diverse group Uni- and multi-cellular organisms Plant-like, animal-like, fungus-like Eukaryote that lacks complex organs Examples: algae, kelp, paramecium, amoebas

Fungi Uni- or multi-cellular Decomposers Stationary, don’t move More than 100, 000 species Mushrooms & molds

Plants Multi-cellular eukaryotes Photosynthesize Stationary Tissues organized into organs and complex systems Examples: mosses, ferns, flowering plants

Animals Multi-cellular consumers Mobile Tissues organized into organs and complex systems Examples: insects, mammals, fish, birds