Classification of noun clauses Object clause Subject clause

Classification of noun clauses: • • Object clause Subject clause Predictive clause Appositive clause

Identify the following clauses: • That he survived the accident is a miracle. Subject clause • I don’ t know whether he will attend the Object clause concert. • The problem is that we can’t get there Predictive clause early enough. • There is a possibility that he is a spy. Appositive clause

Object clause • I really don’t know_____ what he is doing. who(m) they are waiting • Do you know _______ for? whose • He asked______ whichdictionary it was. • He can’t tell ____ method thy will use for the experiment. to what • 注意：带有介词的宾语从句 Pay attention _____ the teacher said. I wonder __ _____ he had given the letter. to whom

Predictive clause: • Structure : • S. + link-verb + predictive clause • 1. Link-verbs: be , look, seem, remain, appear… • 2. More sentence patterns: The reason… is that… It is because…

as if it is going to rain • It seems ___________. • 看起来要下雨了。 • The reason why he didn’t come is _________. that he was ill • 他病了。 because he was ill • =It is ________.

Appositive clause • Words often used before appositive clauses: • belief, fact, hope, idea, doubt, news, conclusion, suggestion, problem, order, answer, decision, discovery, information, opinion, possibility, probability, statement, thought, report

• The news ____ that we won the competition is very encouraging. • I have no idea ____ what has happened to him. whether he will • There is some doubt ____ come. • There arose the question where _____ we could get the money.

Subject clause • • That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round. • Whether he will come hasn’t been decided. = It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.

(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词＋从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… It appears that… 似乎… (4) It is ＋ 过去分词＋从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… It is said that… 据说…

主语从句不可以置于句首的四种情况： • • • It doesn’t matter + how /whether… It doesn’t matter whether he likes it or not. It is said/ reported… It is said that a new library will be built. It happens/occurs… It occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door. • 含主语从句的疑问句，主语从不可提前： • Is it likely that it will snow in the afternoon?

• That he stole a bike was true. • 他偷了一部自行车是真的。 • The important thing is what you do, but not what you say. • 重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。

• 单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单 数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从 句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。 • Where and when he was born has not been found. • When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.

• 连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever 可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。他们也可以引导让步状语 从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which。 • Whoever breaks the law should be punished. • = Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

• • • I’ll show you anything you want to see. I’ll show you whatever _______ you want to see. You may choose anyone who you like. You may choose whoever _______ who you like. No matter who he is , he must obey the law. • Whoever _______ he is , he must obey the law.

• • • 引导主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句： whoever=anyone whomever=anyone whom whosever=anyone whose whatever=anything that whichever=anything that

• • • 引导状语从句： whoever=no matter whomever=no matter whom whosever=no matter whose whatever=no matter what whichever=no matter which

• 虚拟语气：与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的 名次性从句中常用虚拟语气“should +v. ” • She suggested we go on foot. • We didn’t agree with her suggestion that we go on foot.

C • 1. It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003上海) • A. that B. when C. what D. how • 2. --- I think it’s going to be a big problem. C • --- Yes, it could be. • --- I wonder ___ we do about it. (2002 上海春) • A. if B. how C. what D. that

B • 3. You should make it a rule to leave things ___ you can find them often. (1999 NMET) • A. when B. where C. then D. there C • 4. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do. (2001 NMET) • A. how B. after C. what D. when

B • 5. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___ I disagree. (2004 NMET) • A. why B. where C. what D. how • 6. I like ___ in the autumn when the C weather is clear and bright. (2004 NMET) • A. this B. that C. it D. one

A • 7. The road is covered with snow. I can’t u nderstand ___ they insist on going by motor-bike. (2004 NMET) • A. Why B. whether C. when D. how C • 8. We can’t figure out ___ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. (2004 北京) • A. that B. as C. why D. when

B • 9. After Yang Liwei succeeded circling the earth, ___ our astronauts to do is walk in space. (2004 上海) • A. where B. what C. that D. how • 10. A story goes ___ Elizabeth I of D England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2004 上海) • A. when B. where C. what D. that