Classification of Living Things Learning About The Kingdoms

Classification of Living Things Learning About The Kingdoms Of Life

What is Classification? • The organization of objects using characteristics & attributes

Biological Classification • Systems that name & organize living things in a meaningful way • AKA taxonomy

History • Aristotle 400 BC – Used 2 categories and subdivided according to how they moved Not a good system. Why? ? ? • Plants – Air, land, water • Animals – Air, land, water Used for 2000 years

History • 1600’s began to classify according to similarities in form (structure) • 1700’s Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish) – Created system used today – Used system to ID all known plants & animals of his time – Developed a systematic naming process • Simple, logical, easy

Old Naming System (pre-Linnaeus) • Confusing • Had up to 12 names • Names for same animal/plant different in different countries & books

Modern System (post-Linnaeus) • 2 functions – 1 groups organisms according to basic characteristics – 2 gives unique name to each organism • Ranges from general (Kingdom) to specific (Species) • Based on evolutionary relationships • To be in same species, must be capable of interbreeding & produce fertile young – EX: horse + donkey = mule (not fertile) – EX: lion + tiger = liger/tigon (not fertile)

Think of it like this… • • Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools • • Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species • Binomial Nomenclature- 2 name naming system – Bi two – Nom name – Clature system • Uses Genus & species – EX: Homo sapiens AKA modern man

HOMEWORK • Come up with a new mnemonic device to help remember the classification system – Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species • Make a picture to go with your saying • Be creative • Due Monday

The Five Kingdoms

Monerans • Single celled (unicellular) • Microscopic • Nucleus does not have a membrane • Lacks cell structures • Absorbs food • 10, 000+ known species • EX: blue-green algae, bacteria

Protists • Unicellular; microscopic • Nucleus has a membrane • Sometimes found in chains or colonies • Has cell structures • 250, 000+ known species • Absorbs, ingests or photosynthesizes food • EX: diatoms, amoeba, paramecium, euglena, flagellates, other protozoans

Fungi • Multicellular • Specialized cells & structures • Absorbs food • 100, 000+ known species • EX: mushrooms, yeast, mildew, mold

Plants • Multicellular • Photosynthesizes food • Specialized cells and structures • Rigid cell walls for support • 250, 000+ known species • EX: trees, mosses, flowering plants, ferns

Animals • Multicellular • Specialized cells & structures, including tissues, organ systems • Own form of locomotion • Heterotrophs • No rigid cell walls • 1, 000+ known species

Animal Phyla • Chordates – Vertebrates • Have rigid backbone and skeletal system for support • Located inside body – Invertebrates • No rigid backbone or skeleton • Some have external support called exoskeleton • Exo- outside skeleton- support – EX: insects, spiders

Vertebrate Classes

Invertebrate Classes

Terms to Know • Autotrophs make own food • Heterotrophs get food from another source • Photosynthesis using the sun’s energy to make own food • Prokaryotic nucleus not enclosed; DNA flows freely in cell • Eukaryotic has an enclosed nucleus (where DNA is stored) • Locomotion means of movement; transportation

Terms to Know • Sessile non- moving; stationary • Motile mobile; ability to move • Taxonomy another word for classification • Nucleus cell structure that contains DNA for reproduction; enclosed with a membrane