Classification How do scientists classify all those organisms

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Classification How do scientists classify all those organisms?

Classification How do scientists classify all those organisms?

Taxonomy n n n Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms. Classification

Taxonomy n n n Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms. Classification helps scientists to determine relationships between species easily. Traits are characteristics or behaviors n Examples: bone structure, appearance

How to Classify n n Scientists study biological relationships between organisms When scientists began,

How to Classify n n Scientists study biological relationships between organisms When scientists began, they used their eyes and measuring devices to compare organisms.

How to Classify n The physical evidence includes: n n n Bone structure Size

How to Classify n The physical evidence includes: n n n Bone structure Size Behavior Appearance Skeletons

How to Classify n Scientists also use fossil evidence to classify animals n Animals

How to Classify n Scientists also use fossil evidence to classify animals n Animals that are more closely related share a common ancestor.

How to Classify n Scientists also began using genetic evidence to compare animals n

How to Classify n Scientists also began using genetic evidence to compare animals n n Sometimes physical evidence can be misleading The more similar the DNA between two species, the more closely they are related

Classification Changes n Scientists may change the classification of an organism if they find

Classification Changes n Scientists may change the classification of an organism if they find new evidence n n due to fossil evidence due to genetic evidence

Levels of Classification n n n n Domain? Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus

Levels of Classification n n n n Domain? Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Levels of Classification n n The more levels 2 organisms have in common, the

Levels of Classification n n The more levels 2 organisms have in common, the more closely related they are In this picture, which two organisms are the most closely related?

Naming Organisms n n Scientists give a unique name to each type of organism.

Naming Organisms n n Scientists give a unique name to each type of organism. Just like people, organisms have a full name and a nick name. An organism gets its full name from how it is classified. Binomial Nomenclature: Genus species n Ex: Homo sapiens

Tree of Life n n All living things can be organized into one big

Tree of Life n n All living things can be organized into one big tree of life Scientists use this tree to see how closely related two organisms are

Tree of Life

Tree of Life

Reading the Tree of Life n n n This tree is a called a

Reading the Tree of Life n n n This tree is a called a Phylogenetic Tree. The length of the branches measure the length of time (often millions of years) Every branch point represents a “common ancestor” The closer two branches are together, the more closely related they are

n n Which branch is most closely related to Chordata? Where do Arthropoda and

n n Which branch is most closely related to Chordata? Where do Arthropoda and Mollusca first share a common ancestor?

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