Classification Grouping Identifying Living Things Why classify It

Classification Grouping & Identifying Living Things

Why classify? Ø It is an ordered way of describing similar living things that can be recognised world wide. Ø The largest group is the KINGDOM of which there are 5. These share similar features e. g. plants are green and carry out photosynthesis. Ø Each Kingdom is subdivided in PHYLA (single: PHYLUM) e. g. Chordata (backbone)

Ø Each Phylum is divided into a CLASS (e. g. Mammalia) Ø Then comes Ø ORDER (e. g. Carnivora) Ø FAMILY (e. g. Felidae) Ø GENUS (e. g. Panthera) Ø SPECIES ( e. g. Panthera Leo)

Binomial System Ø There are many types of similar animals in the world e. g. the MONGOOSE can be meerkat, Suricate or Sun Angel. Ø To avoid confusion about each species they are given a scientific names using the Bionomial System (which means 2 names) Ø The first name is the GENUS (family name) and the 2 nd is the TRIVIAL name that applies to 1 species. Ø E. g. Human is HOMO SAPIEN Ø Lion is PANTERA LEO Ø Cholera bacteria is VIBRIO CHOLERAE

Classifying Living Things Ø We put livings things into two large groups: ØAnimals ØPlants

Animals Ø Animals are spilt into two major groups: ØVertebrates ØInvertebrates

Vertebrates Ø These are animals with a backbone. Ø There are five groups of vertebrates: ØAmphibians ØBirds ØFish ØMammals ØReptiles

Amphibians Ø Have moist skin Ø Lay jelly coated eggs in water Ø Lives on land returns to water to breed water Ø Fertilisation is external Ø Breath using lungs on land through skin in water

Birds Ø Have feathers and hollow bones Ø Lay hard shelled eggs Ø Warm blooded (homeothermic) Ø Front limbs modified as wings Ø Beak is light and has no bone or teeth

Fish Ø Have wet scales covered in mucus for streamlining Ø Lays eggs in water Ø Lives in water Ø Fins for swimming and balance Ø Have a lateral line for detecting vibrations and pressure

Mammals Ø Have hair or fur and females produce milk to suckle young Ø Give birth to live well developed offspring (no eggs) Ø Warm blooded Ø Mouth contains a variety of teeth for varied diets

Reptiles Ø Have dry scales to reduce water loss Ø Fertilisation is internal but development is external Ø Lay leathery waterproof shelled eggs Ø Cold blooded so often bask in the sun to raise body temperature

Summary of Vertebrates

Invertebrates Ø These are animals without a backbone Ø There are eight groups of invertebrates Ø Molluscs Ø Flatworms Ø Annelids Ø Roundworms Ø Sponges Ø Echinoderms Ø Cnidarians Ø Arthropods

Molluscs Ø Crawl on a single fleshy pad called a foot. Ø Can have a shell hardened by calcium carbonate. Ø Mouthparts designed to scrape vegetation on land

Flatworms Ø Have flat worm like bodies Ø Usually have “hooked” mouthparts to attach to a host

Annelids ( segmented worm) Ø Have round worm like bodies with a mucus layer Ø Have bodies divided into segments Ø Chitae (bristles) found on each segment for movement Ø Clitellum (saddle) to bind 2 worms together during reproduction Ø Pointed front end for biting leaves and helping movement through soil

Roundworms( Nematodes) Ø Have long thin round worm like bodies so not washed from hosts system Ø Have bodies with no segments Ø Body covered in mucus to prevent attack by hosts digestive juices

Sponges Ø Have bodies made of loosely joined cells

Echinoderms Ø Have bodies divided into five parts Ø Have spiny outer covering

Cnidarians(jellyfish) Ø Have thin sack like bodies Ø Have tentacles

Arthropods Ø Have lots of legs and segmented bodies. Ø There are four group of arthropods: Ø Arachnids ØCentipedes & Millipedes ØCrustaceans ØInsects

Arachnid Ø Have four pairs of legs attached to cephalothorax Ø Have bodies divided into two sections cephalothorax and abdomen Ø Spinneret which produces long thin strands of silk Ø Powerful jaws

Myriapods – Centipedes & Millipedes Ø Have long thin bodies and pairs of legs on each of their many body sections Ø Mouthparts are modified legs hardened for biting Ø Hard exoskeleton Ø Antennae are sense organs

Crustacean Ø Have five-seven pairs of legs Ø First pair often used as pincers Ø Bodies covered in a thick shell called a carapace Ø 2 pairs of antennae and compound eyes Ø Many have gills under their shells

Insects Ø Have three pairs of legs Ø Bodies divided into three sections Ø Often have wings Ø Breathe through holes called Spiracles in the abdomen Ø 1 pair of antennae and compound eyes Ø Covered in a waterproof cuticle to reduce water loss