Classification Grouping Identifying Living Things This Powerpoint is

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Why classify? Ø Think of three examples where we group things. Ø Why do we group these things?

Classifying Living Things Ø We put livings things into ØAnimals

Animals Ø Animals are spilt into two major groups: ØVertebrates ØInvertebrates

Vertebrates Ø These are animals with a backbone. Ø There are five groups of vertebrates: ØAmphibians ØBirds ØFish ØMammals ØReptiles

Amphibians Ø Have smooth moist skin Ø Lay jelly coated eggs in water Ø Lives on land water Ø Ectotherms

Birds Ø Have feathers and hollow bones Ø Lay hard shelled eggs Ø Endotherms

Fish Ø Have wet scales Ø Lay jelly-coated eggs in water Ø Breathes with gills Ø Ectotherms

Mammals Ø Have hair and produce milk Ø Give birth to live offspring (no eggs) Ø Endotherms

Reptiles Ø Have scales Ø Lay leathery shelled eggs Ø Ectotherms

Summary of Vertebrates

Invertebrates Ø These are animals without a backbone Ø There are eight groups of invertebrates Ø Molluscs Ø Flatworms Ø Annelids Ø Roundworms Ø Sponges Ø Echinoderms Ø Cnidarians Ø Arthropods

Molluscs Ø Some molluscs (gastropods) crawl on a single fleshy pad. Ex. Snails, slugs, conchs. Ø Some molluscs may burrow through or attach to a base (bi-valves) clams, oysters, mussels, brachiopod (extinct). Ø Some molluscs swim (cephalopod). Ø Most have a hard shell, but some do not (slugs, octopuses)

Molluscs

Flatworms Ø Have flat worm like bodies Ø Tapeworms and flukes

Annelids Ø Have round worm-like bodies Ø Have bodies divided into segments with bristles or hairs (setae) Ø Earthworms ØHave 5 hearts and no eyes ØGizzard for digestion ØBreathe through their skin Ø Clitellum – contains both male and female organs. Babies form in internal cocoons.

Annelids Ø Have round worm like bodies Ø Have bodies divided into segments

Roundworms Ø Have long thin round worm like bodies. Ø Have bodies with no segments. Ø Are parasites. Ø Hook worm, trichinosis,

Roundworms

Sponges (porifera) Ø Simplest multi-cellular animal. Ø Have bodies made of loosely joined cells Ø Filter feeders Ø Skeleton is made of needle-like fibers called spicules. Ø Most are hermaphrodites, reproduce by releasing small planktonic larvae.

Sponges

Echinoderms Ø Have radial symmetry. Ø Appendages usually occur in fives. Ø Have spiny outer covering Ø Can regenerate limbs Ø They eat by pulling apart bivalves with its suction-cup tube feet, and then it inverts its own stomach out of its mouth and surrounds its meal Ø

Echinoderms

Cnidarians Ø Have radial symmetry Ø Have thin sack like bodies Ø Have tentacles with stinging cells to trap their prey. Ø Two body types: ØPolyp (corals and anemonies) where tentacles and mouth face up. ØMedussa (jellyfish) tentacles and mouth face down.

Cnidarians

Arthropods Ø Have lots of legs and segmented bodies. Ø Have exoskeletons. Ø There are four group of arthropods: Ø Arachnids ØCentipedes & Millipedes ØCrustaceans ØInsects

Arthropods - Arachnid Ø Include spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites. Ø Have four pair of legs and bodies divided into two sections ØCephalothorax ØAbdomen Ø Have chelicerae for feeding and defense. Ø Eat by injecting poison into the prey and sucking out materials.

Arthropods - Arachnid

Arthropods – Myriapoda Ø Have long thin bodies and pairs of legs on each of their many body sections. Ø Have a “myriad” of legs. Ø Centipedes are fast, venomous and predatory. One pair of legs per segment. Ø Millipedes are slower, and eat leaf litter (detritus). Two pair of legs per segment.

Arthropods – Centipedes & Millipedes

Arthropods - Crustacean Ø Include crabs, lobsters, shrimp, krill, barnacles and crayfish. Ø Have more than four pairs of legs Ø First pair often used as pincers. Ø Most have 3 body parts – head, thorax, and abdomen. ØAlthough some have a cephalothorax.

Arthropods - Crustacean

Arthropods - Insects Ø Bodies divided into three sections ØHead, thorax, and abdomen. ØHave three pairs of legs on thorax. ØMay have wings on the thorax. Ø Often have wings. Ø Have compound eyes – can see almost all around themselves. Ø Go through metamorphosis.

Metamorphosis Ø Incomplete metamorphosis. ØChange by molting. ØEgg Nymph Adult. Ø Complete metamorposis. ØEgg Larva Pupa Adult.

Arthropods - Insects