CLASSIFICATION Domains 1 Bacteria prokaryotic 2 Archaea Kingdom

CLASSIFICATION Domains 1. Bacteria prokaryotic 2. Archaea Kingdom Monera 3. Eukarya eukaryotic 4. Kingdom Protista 5. Fungi 6. Plantae 7. Animalia

EUKARYOTIC KINGDOMS Kingdom # of cells Protista single Fungi single or multii Plantae multicellular Animalia multicellular Nutrition auto. or heterotrophic autotrophic heterotrophic

THE ANIMAL KINGDOM Multicellular eukaryotes 2. Heterotrophic nutrition 3. Food reserves = glycogen 4. Movement by contractile cells 1.

CRITERIA FOR ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION 1. # Of Cell Layers a. 2 layers Phyla = cnidaria, ctenophores Class = hydra + jellyfish, anemone

b. 3 layers, no coelom (body cavity) “acoelomates” Phylum: Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Class: Turbellaria (Planaria), Trematoda (flukes), Cestoda (tapeworms)

c. 3 layers, pseudocoelom (cavity without characteristic lining) Phylum: Nematoda (roundworms) Trichinella – causes trichinosis

d. 3 layers + coelom (coelomates) Phyla: mollusks, annelids, arthropods, chordates Coelom – fluid filled cavity that develops within the mesoderm

COELOMATE CROSSSECTION

2. Body Plan and Arrangement a. Asymmetrical – no axis ex sponges (Porifera) b. Radial symmetry – body parts are arranged around a central axis cnidarians echinoderms

c. Bilateral Symmetry – body is organized along a longitudinal axis - right half = left half - dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) surfaces - anterior (head) and posterior (tail) Cephalization – sensory and feeding structures at anterior end Phyla: Annelids , arthropods, chordates

1. 3. Methods of Embryonic Development (Coelomates only) a. Protostome Coelomates Mollusks, annelids, arthropods, et. al. - Early stages of cleavage are SPIRAL - The mouth develops first - Coelom development is schizocoelous – a splitting of the digestive cavity

b. Deuterostomes Coelomates - Includes Chordates and Echinoderms Early stages of cleavage are radial The mouth develops “second” Coelom development is schizocoelous