Classification Biological Classification Taxonomy Scientific classification of an

Classification

Biological Classification ____________________________ _ Taxonomy �Scientific classification of an organism based on traits _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

Diversity of Life

Early Classification • Aristotle • First classification system; included plants and animals • Grouped animals _____________________ • Problem; ______________________ • Grouped plants based __________________ • Problem; ___________________ System did not accurately describe/include all organisms, nor did it reflect the ____________________________________________________

Carolus Linnaeus • Developed a classification system that is the basis for our modern system of classification (1700’s) • Initially he divided organisms into two kingdoms; _________________________ • Based his classification on structure, _____________________________ • Used taxa, or _____________ • Used _________________

Hierarchy of Classification Taxa __________; group of related phyla __________ (Division for plants); group of related classes __________; group of related orders __________; group of related families __________; group of related genera __________; group of related species __________; group of organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring

System of Classification Binomial nomenclature __________________________ 1 st word is the ____________ 2 nd word is the ______________, a descriptive term Scientific name (genus and specific epithet) ________________________________ Genus ________________________; dead language, not subject to change, root language

Common Names • ___________ are general names given to organisms that _______, vary with location, are not standardized and __________________ • Ex. Clown fish, horsefly, sea cucumber, lady bug etc.

Scientific Names Two different species of butterflyfish, same genus Chaetodon longirostris (long-nose butterflyfish) Chaetodon ocellata (spotfin butterflyfish)

Example of Classification Common Name – Killer Whale Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Chordata Class – Mammalia Order – Cetacea Family – Delphinidae Genus – Orca Species - orcinus

Human (? ? ? ) Classification • Kingdom – Animalia • Phylum – Chordata • Class – Mammalia • Order – Primate • Family – Homindae • Genus – Homo • Species – sapiens

Kingdom Archaebacteria ____________ Methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles; also found in other areas ______________________, some autotrophs (photo/chemo. )

Eubacteria • Differ from Archaebacteria due ________________________________ • Prokaryotic • Found in almost all habitats on Earth • _______________________

Kingdom Protista ____________ Have __________ Most __________________________ If organism is not an animal, plant, fungus or bacterium, then it is a protist

Kingdom Fungi ____________ Unicellular and multicellular organisms Have cells with ___________________ Most are ________ Some __________ Are ___________

Kingdom Plantae ____________ Multicellular Have cells with cell walls ________________________

Kingdom Animalia ________________________ Have cells without cell walls ____________

Identification of Organisms ______________ – tool designed to assist people with the identification of living things Series of steps with __________________________________ Start off being general and __________ Use steps and choices given in the key to identify an organism _______________

Fan Diagram • Organisms that _____________ have _________________ than those closer to the center