Classification and Life Diversity Part I Modern Classification

Classification and Life Diversity Part I

Modern Classification: Taxonomy n n Branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics Aristotle began simple classification by grouping organisms into two basic groups n n n Plant Animal Linnaeus further divided organisms using technology such as the microscope and evolutionary relationships

5 KINGDOMS n All of life can be divided into 5 kingdoms: Monera n Protista n Fungi n Plantae n Animalia n

Levels of Classification n Taxa n Kingdom n Phylum n Class n Order n Family n Genus n Species: can produce fertile offspring

Binomial Nomenclature Scientist use LATIN because it is an unchanging language n Everything referred to by two names n Genus (capitalized) n Species (lower case) n n Both names are underlined or italicized n Ex. Canis lupus or Canis lupus (wolf)

Technology As new technology develops, scientist can more accurately classify organisms n Organisms can be classified by: n Similarity of karyotypes (chromosome) n Biochemistry (DNA or amino acid sequencing) n Embryology n Geographic distribution n Phylogeny (evolutionary descent) n

Taxonomic Tools n Cladistics Use evolutionary relationships to create “fan diagrams” or cladograms n A caldogram is a branching diagram that shows the relationships of organism n

Which two organims are most closely related? Taxon Kingdom House Cat Mountain Lion Dog Human Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Carnivoria Primates Family Felidae Canidae Hominidae Genus Felis Canis Homo Species domesticus concolor familiaris sapiens

Essential Questions n 1. What technology allowed Linnaeus to divide organisms into more accurate groups? n n 2. What does bionomial nomenclature mean? n n The microscope Classification by 2 names 3. Human’s scientific name is Homo sapien. What is our genus? n Homo