Classification and Identification of Cattle Breeds Mt Morris

Classification and Identification of Cattle Breeds Mt Morris. Beef Cattle Seminar June 17, 2009

CLASSIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE

BRITISH BREEDS OF CATTLE Ü Ü Ü Hereford Polled Herefords Black Angus Red Angus Devon Shorthorn Red Poll Galloway British Whites Scotch Highland Welsh Black Wagyu Dairy Cattle Jersey Guernsey Ayrshire Milking Shorthorn

EUROPEAN BREEDS OF CATTLE Ü Ü Ü Ü Ü Simmental Limousin Maine-Anjou Dutch Belted Salers Charolais Piedmontese Blonde d’Aquitaine Belgian Blue Chianina Gelbvieh MRI Normande Pinzqauer Devon South Devon Tarentaise Dairy Brown Swiss Holstein

COMPOSITE BREEDS OF CATTLE Ü Brangus (RED & BLACK) Ü Beefmasters Beefmaker Ü Simbrah Braford Ü Bramousin Santa Gertrudis Ü American 7 Way Composite Ü Salorn

HYBRID-VIGOR BENEFITS Ü More Climate variable Ü Increased Growth Rate Ü Increased Vigor and Fertility

BOS TAURUS BEEF BREEDS BRITISH / EUROPEAN

Hereford • Originated in England • Red with white points • Horned usually • Known for pink eye Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

Red Angus • Originated in the British Isles • Same as Black Angus • Barred from Angus herdbook • Recognized as separate breed Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

Black Angus • Native to Angus (near Scotland) • Most popular beef breed in the US • Always black in color • Can produce Red Angus • Known for Marbling Ability Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

Texas Longhorn • Originated in the United States • Various colors • Almost went extinct • Known for Low Birth Weights and Calving ease for Heifers Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

Red Poll • Developed in England • Primarily used for meat in US • Milk production in other countries • Dark red and polled Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

Shorthorn • Originated in England • White to red in color • Roane Color, very popular for show heifers. Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

Murray Grey Ü Developed in New South Wales-Australia Ü Became a recognized Australian breed in 1962 Ü Cross of Roan Shorthorn and Angus Ü Known for small birth weights Ü Good Carcass traits Ü Docile Disposition Ü Dark pigment on head and udders

Belted Galloway Ü Developed in the 16 th century in Scotland Ü Know for shaggy coat-ideal for wet, cold conditions Ü Developed from a cross of Galloway and Dutch Belted Ü Have good marbling ability Ü Polled and refered to as “Belties”

Devon • Originated in England • Also called North Devon • One of the oldest beef breeds • At one time used for milk • Mature cows weigh 950 -1300 lbs. Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

South Devon Ü High Maternal Breed Ü Not Related to Devon Ü High butterfat-4. 2% Ü Refered to as “Gentle Giants Bos taurus/British Breed Classification

Ayrshire Ü Origin Scotland Ü High butterfat and Protein Ü Do Well in Harse Conditions Bos taurus/British Breed Classification

Guernsey Ü Origin Jersey Isle in English Channel Ü High butterfat and Protein Ü Used in Grazing Operations Ü Larger than Jersey cattle Bos taurus/British Breed Classification

Jersey Ü Origin Jersey Isle in English Channel Ü High butterfat and Protein Ü Popular due to high components in Milk Ü Small Mature Size Ü Used in Crossbreeding Ü #2 Dairy Breed Bos taurus/British Breed Classification

Bos Taurus Ü Breeds of European Origin

Dutch Belted Ü Dual Purpose Ü Developed in Holland from cattle originating in Austria Ü Moderate Frame Size Bos Taurus/Dutch Breed Classification

Holstein Ü #1 Dairy Breed Ü Developed in North Holland Freisland Ü High Milk Production Ü Large Mature Size Bos Taurus/Dutch Breed Classification

Brown Swiss Ü Switzerland Origin Ü Large Cattle Dual Purpose-Braunvieh Ü High Milk Components Ü Large Mature Size Ü Developed at High Altitude Bos Taurus/Swiss Breed Classification

Limousin • Native to South-Central France • Golden-red to red-brown in color Bos Taurus European Breed Classification

Simmental • First recorded in Switzerland • Large body mass • Light red to dark red with white points • Known for Maternal Characteristics Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

Wagyu • All Japanese cattle • Various colors • Consists of many Japanese breeds • Known for Marbling in the Meat Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

Piedmontese • Originated in Italy • Double muscled breed • Light to dark gray in color Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

Blonde d’Aquitaine • Originated in France • Blonde color • Known for Heavy Muscle Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

Salers • Native to France • Milk production important in Europe • Rod to brown in color • Known for some Carcass Merit Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

Tarentaise • Originated in France • Used for milk in Europe • Red color Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

Maine-Anjou • Originated in France • Mature bulls weigh 2100 -3000 lbs. • Mature cows weigh 1500 -1900 lbs. • Dark red with white markings Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

BOS INDICUS BEEF BREEDS ZEBU

Red Brahman • Heat and Insect Resistant • Mothering Ability Bos Indicus Classification

Brahman • Developed in the United States • Light gray or red to black • Known for Mothering Ability • Named after Brahman Shines in Indi • A mix of Nelore, Indu-Brazil, Gyr breeds • Tropically adapted-have sweat gland Bos Indicus Classification

Nelore • Known form having smaller ears and cleaner lines than other zebu breeds. • Biggest populations in South America. • Heat and Insect tolerant Bos Indicus Classification

Indo Brazilian • Known for Large Ears • Heaviest Populations in South America • High in Maternal Attributes Bos Indicus Classification

Africander • Native to South Africa • Usually red with long horns • Used for meat and as a draft animal • Mature cows weigh 1150 -1350 lbs. • Mature bulls weigh 1650 -2200 lbs. Bos Indicus Classification

Composite Beef Cattle Breeds

Hays Converters • Developed in Canada • Senator Harry Hays-Calgary, Alberta • 1/3 Hereford • 1/3 Holstein • 1/3 Brown Swiss • Known for growth rate, high fertility, sound udders, and high milk production • First Recognized Composite in Canada in 1975 • Composite Breed Classification

Brangus • Originated in the United States • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus • Solid black • Polled Composite Breed Classification

Bramousin • Originated in the United States • Golden to red in color • 5/8 Limousin, 3/8 Brahman Composite Breed Classification

Braford • Developed in Florida • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Hereford • Red with white points Composite Breed Classification

Simbrah • Originated in the United States • Brahman and Simmental breeds used • Light to dark red with some white marks Composite Breed Classification

Beefmaker • Originated in the United States • 3/4 Hereford, 1/4 Simmental • Red with white points Composite Breed Classification

Beefmaster • Originated in the United States • Brahman, Hereford, and Shorthorn • Composite Breed Classification

Salorn • Developed in the United States • 5/8 Salers. 3/8 Texas Longhorn • Lean meat • Environmentally adaptable Composite Breed Classification

Texon • Originated in the United States • Texas Longhorn and Devon breeds used Composite Breed Classification

Santa Gertrudis *Originated at the King Ranch in Texas *Made up of Brahman, Hereford, and Shorthorn Breeds *Known for Heat tolerance Composite Breed Classification

Review Of Beef Cattle Classification Ü Cattle are Classified into Two Groups Ü The Bos Taurus Classification includes what two Groups. Ü What are some Composite Breeds and what are their makeup. Ü What are some Breeds Attributes.