Classification and Evolution TaxonomyClassification Domain General Kingdom Kids

Classification and Evolution

Taxonomy/Classification • Domain General • Kingdom (Kids) • Phylum (Playing) • Class (Catch) • Order (On) • Family (Freeways) • Genus (Get) • Species (Squished) Very Specific

Binomial nomenclature • • “Scientific Name” Latin (Dead language/never change) Universal Based on Genus (1 st /capitalized) and Species (2 nd /small case) • Ex: Homo sapiens (italic or underlined) • Common name can change with different locations

• Species: individuals of the same kind that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. • Subspecies: Geographically isolated populations of the same species.

Hybrid • Product of 2 closely related species; often sterile Wolphin Liger Zorse Zony

Vocabulary • Prokaryote: Primitive cells with no membrane bound organelles. • Eukaryote: Complex cells membrane bound organelle. • Autotroph: An organism that manufactures its own organic matter by using energy from the sun. • Heterotroph: An organism that obtains energy from organic matter.

Kingdom Monera • • • Bacteria and blue green algae Prokaryotic cell (no true nucleus) Heterotrophic & Autotrophic – Decay bacteria: heterotrophic – Cyanobacteria: photosynthetic – Bacteria: chemosynthetic Cyanobacteria Chemosynthetic Bacteria

Kingdom Protista • Eukaryotic, single celled – Diatoms and dinoflagellates: photosynthetic – Protozoa: heterotrophic Diatoms Dinoflagellates Protozoa

Kingdom Plantae • Eukaryotic, multicellular, photosynthetic • Flowering plants: marine grass & Mangroves • Macroalgae: Seaweeds Eel Grass Sea Lettuce

Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, absorbs nutrients. – Slime molds, mushrooms Marine Fungi

Kingdom Animalia • Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, ingests food. – Whales, dolphins and fish

Homologous structures • Similar structures in different organisms that develop in the same way. – human arm vs. whale flipper vs. bat wing

Analogous structures • Structures in different organisms that have similar functions but develop in different ways. – Insect wing vs. bird wing

More Vocabulary • Natural Selection: the best-adapted individuals will produce more offspring and pass those favorable characteristics on to those offspring. • Evolution: Genetic change over time, that results from natural selection.