Classification A Naming and grouping organisms based on
Classification A. Naming and grouping organisms based on similarities B. Taxonomy: The branch of biology that deals with classification
C. Classification System: 1. Carl Linnaeus (1700 s): a. Developed a 7 -component system • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Yes, that’s right… Well hello…. “King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti”
Porifera (Sponges) Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Coelenterata (Jellyfish) Nematoda (Roundworms) Annelida (Earthworms) Mollusca (Snails, Clams) Arthropoda (Insects) Echinodermata (Sea Stars, Urchins)
b. Developed Binomial nomenclature 1) Two-part Latin name for a species 2) The first part indicates the organism’s genus (capitalized) 3) The second part indicates the organism’s species (lowercase 4) Both words must be italicized or underlined. Felis domesticus Man, I am one sweet Homo sapien…
Pinus virginiana Pinus strobus Didelphis virginiana (Virginia pine) (White pine) (Virginia opossum)
D. Organisms have been classified using various characteristics: 1. Structural: Shape, form, use of structures 2. Cytological: Cell structures, number of chromosomes Ex. Prokaryotic (no nucleus) vs. Eukaryotic (has a nucleus) 3. Embryological: Developmental stages 4. Biochemical: DNA, RNA, proteins *Most accurate
E. Dichotomous (Taxonomic) Key: 1. Series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms 2. Leads the researcher to the classification (genus & species) of an “unknown” organism.
Periphyrus thromelos ______ Spizella arborea ______ Pipilo fucous _______ 1. A. B. 2. A. B. 3. A. B. 4. A. B. Junco vulani ______ Turdos migratas _______ If the bird has some red feathers…………………. . Go to #2 If the bird has no red feathers …………………. . . Go to #3 If the bird has blue feathers …………………. . . . … Spizella arborea If the bird has no blue feathers ………………. ……. Go to # 4 If the bird has a black beak ……. ……………. Pipilo fucous If the bird has a yellow beak ……………. …… Turdos migratas If the bird has a red beak ……………. . Periphyrus thromelas If the bird has red feathers only on its head …. ……. Junco vulani
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