Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the

Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

(NS) Neutral Stimulus Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning (NR) No Response Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

(UCS) Unconditioned Stimulus Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning (UCR) Unconditioned Response Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Repeated pairings (NS) Neutral Stimulus Classical Conditioning (UCS) Unconditioned Stimulus Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning (UCR) (NR) Unconditioned No. Response response Observational Learning

(CR) Conditioned Response (CS) Conditioned Stimulus Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Classical Conditioning at BGSU Video courtesy of David Johnson Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Acquisition (CS-US pairings) 15 10 5 0 Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Extinction (CS alone) 15 10 5 0 Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Spontaneous Extinction Recovery (CS alone) 15 10 5 0 Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning 24 -hour rest

John Watson Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

(CS) (US) White Rat Loud Gong (CR) (UR) Fear Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Little Albert Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Behavior Consequence Response Classical Conditioning Rewarding Stimulus Presented Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning Patronize Elmo’s Diner Tendency to tell jokes increases

Speaker Signal lights Lever Skinner Box To food dispenser Food pellet Electric grid To shock generator Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Cumulative Recorder Drum One response Not responding Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Series of rapid responses Pen Reinforcement slash Observational Learning

Rat in a Skinner box Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Priscilla the Pig Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Cumulative Responses Rate decreasing Response extinguished High rate Rate increasing Time Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Continuous Reinforcement Intermittent Reinforcement Response Reinforcer Response Response Reinforcer Response Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning Reinforcer

Cumulative Responses Fixed-ratio (FR) Lower resistance to extinction Rapid responding Short pause after reinforcement Note: Higher ratios generate higher response rates Time Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Cumulative Responses Variable-ratio (VR) Higher resistance to extinction High, steady rate without pauses Note: Higher ratios generate higher response rates Time Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Cumulative Responses Fixed-interval (FI) Lower resistance to extinction Long pause after reinforcement yields “scalloping” effect Note: Short intervals generate higher rates overall Time Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Cumulative Responses Variable-interval (VI) Higher resistance to extinction Note: Low, steady rate without pauses Short intervals generate higher rates overall Time Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Behavior Consequence Response Press lever Classical Conditioning Rewarding Stimulus Presented Food delivered Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning Tendency to press lever increases

Behavior Consequence Response Press lever Classical Conditioning Aversive Stimulus Removed Shock turned off Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning Tendency to press lever increases

Positive or Negative Reinforcement? A toddler begins to cry in a toy store. The toddler’s mother gives her a toy to quiet her down. Next time they go to the store, the child starts crying again. Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning Positive Reinforcement

Escape (CS) (US) Light Shock (CR) (UR) Fear Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Avoidance Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Unconditioned Stimulus (Illness) (CR) (UR) Nausea Conditioned Stimulus (Taste of Berries) Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Snake Phobia Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning

Albert Bandura Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Observational Learning