Classical Conditioning CLASSICAL CONDITIONING MY QS What is

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Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: MY Q’S • What is classical conditioning? • What is the difference

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: MY Q’S • What is classical conditioning? • What is the difference between a neutral stimulus and a conditioned stimulus? • What is stimulus discrimination? • What did the Little Albert and Little Peter experiments teach us about phobias?

WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING? • Some important terms: • REFLEX-an involuntary

WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING? • Some important terms: • REFLEX-an involuntary response (like dog slobbering at the sight of meat). • STIMULUS-any object, event, or experience that causes a response (i. e. the meat would be a stimulus that causes slobbering). • CLASSICAL CONDITIONING-discovered by Pavlov in his famous dog experiment, classical conditioning is the learning of a new reflex through pairing one related stimulus with a new, neutral stimulus.

ELEMENTS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING • An UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS) is a stimulus (meat) that

ELEMENTS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING • An UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS) is a stimulus (meat) that naturally produces a reflex (slobbering) called and UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UCR). Both are called “unconditioned” since they are not learned. • A CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS) begins as a NEUTRAL STIMULUS (the bell), but when paired with the UCS (meat), it eventually begins to encourage the reflex (slobbering) on its own. The reflex response to the CS is called the CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR) because both are learned.

STIMULUS GENERATION & DISCRIMINATION • STIMULUS GENERATION occurs when stimuli similar to the UCS

STIMULUS GENERATION & DISCRIMINATION • STIMULUS GENERATION occurs when stimuli similar to the UCS cause the CR, but to a lesser degree. For example: The same dog Pavlov experimented on would slobber a little at the sound of a door bell. • STIMULUS DISCRIMINATION occurs when you present a stimulus similar to the CS without the UCS again and again to the point where there is no longer a CR. For example: The same dog over time learned the difference between the bells and no longer slobbered.

EXTINCTION AND SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY • EXTINCTION is the disappearance of or weakening of the

EXTINCTION AND SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY • EXTINCTION is the disappearance of or weakening of the CR following the removal of the UCS. For example: Over time, Pavlov eventually stopped giving the dog meat when he rang the bell. The dog then learned not to slobber at the sound of the bell. • SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY is the reappearance of the CR after a pause in extinction trials. For example: After Pavlov stopped using the bell for close to a month, he rang it one more time and the dog slobbered briefly but not as much.

HOW CAN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING BE SPECIALIZED TO AFFECT EMOTIONS? • John Watson was able

HOW CAN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING BE SPECIALIZED TO AFFECT EMOTIONS? • John Watson was able to demonstrate through the Little Albert experiment that a phobia could be learned through classical conditioning. He exposed the baby to a white rat (UCS) and a loud noise (CS) simultaneously. Eventually, the boy became afraid (CR)of the rat. • As we learned from the Little Peter experiment, phobias can also be eliminated through classical conditioning.

HOW DOES CLASSICAL CONDITIONING WORK IN OUR DAILY LIVES? • CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSIONS occur

HOW DOES CLASSICAL CONDITIONING WORK IN OUR DAILY LIVES? • CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSIONS occur when a person or organism becomes nauseated some time after eating a certain food, which then becomes aversive to the organism. For example: I used to love scalloped potatoes but after one night of throwing them up, I will never eat them again! BIOLOGICAL PREPAREDNESS are easily learned responses that causes humans to associate certain stimuli with danger in order to survive. For example: When something smells rotten you learn not to eat it.

What’s a food that you have developed a conditioned taste aversion to?

What’s a food that you have developed a conditioned taste aversion to?