Classical Conditioning based off Behaviourism Background Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning (based off Behaviourism)
Background Classical Conditioning – The type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke the response initially evoked by another stimulus ◦ an item creates a response it wouldn’t normally cause through pairing Introduction Clip https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=c. P 5 l. Cle. K -PM
Pavlov’s Discovery of Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Conducted research on digestion, specifically role of saliva in digestion process of dogs. Pavlov presented meat (powder) to dogs, preceded by a clicking sound to alert them of the food. Over time, dogs salivated in response to clicking sound.
Pavlov further investigated phenomenon: Presented meat with a tone (bell) After several pairings, he presented bell alone to dogs ◦ What happened? What is the significance of his research?
Classical Conditioning Terminology 1. ) Unconditioned Stimulus (US)- The stimulus that evokes a natural response. ◦ Pavlov Ex. ) 2. ) Unconditioned Response (UR)- The natural reaction to the unconditioned stimulus. ◦ Pavlov Ex. )
Classical Conditioning Terminology 3. ) Conditioned Stimulus (CS)- Previously neutral stimulus that, through conditioning, evokes conditioned response. ◦ Pavlov Ex. ) 4. ) Conditioned Response (CR)- Learned reaction to conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning ***Usually the same as UR******* ◦ Pavlov Ex. )
Process Review
Trials Trials- Presentations of the stimuli (US and CS) together ◦ Pavlov Ex. ) ◦ The Office Ex. ) Number of trials needed for classical conditioning to occur varies
More examples “The Office” https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=LSHWz. O XJDSs US- UR- CS- CR-
More Examples Shower Example https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=1 SMnl 7 x Vn. Nw&t=116 s US- UR- CS- CR-
Conditioned Fear and Anxiety Many of our phobias and fears are direct result of classical conditioning Examples: ◦ Taco Bell ◦ Class Examples?
Other Conditioned Responses May be conditioned to associate stimulus with positive feelings Examples: ◦ Smell of boat gas Classical conditioning could even play a role in sexual arousal Example: ◦ Seinfeld clip ◦ http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=v. LKh. Jn. Krf 9 M
Processes in classical conditioning 1. ) Acquisition- This term refers to the learning of the conditioned response 2. ) Extinction – This refers to a gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned response ◦ How does this usually occur?
Processes in classical conditioning 3. ) Spontaneous Recovery- After extinction, a response may spontaneously reappear. Real World Examples:
Stimulus Generalization – An organism that has learned a response to a specific stimuli responds in same way to stimuli that are similar to original stimulus. ◦ Clown Example John B. Watson study https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 h. Bfn. XA Cs. OI ◦ “Little Albert”- 11 month old Conditioned to fear bunnies
Class examples, if time permits
- Slides: 16