Classical Argument Structure Review 1 Introduction 2 Narration

Classical Argument Structure Review 1. Introduction 2. Narration 3. Confirmation 4. Refutation/Concession 5. Summation

4. Refutation (Body Paragraph 2) • Step 1: Present a counterclaim • Step 2: Your goal = Refute (prove wrong) the counterclaim! • Counterclaim = a claim/argument that opposes (goes against) your claim/argument

Claim (1 sentence) Your claim must be an argument explaining why the counterclaim is incorrect and why your claim is correct. Match the counterclaim and claim in your THESIS. Connect to LOGOS. Example: Even though some people argue that students should be involved in politics, students should just focus on their studies instead of being involved in politics.

Evidence (2 -3 sentences) The evidence is a quote from either Yousafzai’s or Yutim’s text (the OPPOSITE of your claim – the author you disagree with) that allows you to identify the counterclaim. The evidence must relate to LOGOS. (Yousafzai, 2014, p. ) (Yutim, 2011, p. ) **Type in evidence correctly to avoid earning a no pass!

Explanation #1 (3 -4 sentences) Step 1: Use specific details from the evidence to explain how the evidence supports the counterclaim. You must start every sentence in the explanation with a sentence starter that shows that OTHER PEOPLE have these ideas – not you. Step 2: Support your claim and explain how/why the counterclaim is wrong/weaker/flawed. Use details from your body paragraph 1 evidence to prove your body paragraph 2 evidence wrong.

Students Should be in Politics Counterclaim Sentence Starters Yousafzai argues… Yousafzai claims…. In Yousafzai’s opinion…. Those who agree with Yousafzai believe…. Those who believe students should be in politics argue…. From their point of view…. . People who believe students can change society through political involvement claim….

Students Should not be in Politics Counterclaim Sentence Starters Yutim argues… Yutim claims…. In Yutim’s opinion…. Those who agree with Yutim believe…. Those who believe students should not be in politics argue…. From their point of view…. . People who believe students should focus on schoolwork instead of politics claim….

CEEL Paragraphs - Explanation Do • Stay on topic • Explain how the evidence supports the claim • Clarify pronoun use – he, she, they, it (Make sure the reader knows who or what the pronoun is referring to. ) • Use details from the text (evidence) to explain

CEEL Paragraphs - Explanation Do Not • Do not tell the story • Do not use “this shows” or “that shows” to explain • Do not use confusing pronouns (Who? What? ) • Do not use contractions (can’t, won’t, didn’t) • Do not use 1 st or 2 nd person (you, I, me, my, we, our, us) • Do not say things like “My main idea is…”, “The evidence connects to the claim because…”, “This quote means…”

Link (1 sentence) The link sums up the paragraph, connecting back to the main idea of the claim without simply repeating the claim itself. The link ends with an important final message about the topic of this paragraph. The link reminds the reader of why your claim is correct and why the counterclaim is wrong.

Essay Writing Resources • Essay outline • Essay prompt with RAFT VIEW THE STUDENT EXAMPLES ON THE WEEBLY FOR YOUR WRITING LEVEL! • Power. Point on the digital agenda • I Am Malala text by Yousafzai OR • “Why Students Should Not Be Allowed to Join Politics” article by Yutim – PDF is available on the weebly • Yousafzai / Yutim counterclaim graphic organizer