CLASSES OF DRUGS Ivana Tkali Mentor A mega

CLASSES OF DRUGS Ivana Tkalčić Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

Analgesics • Mild (headache, myalgia, toothache) • Narcotic (opioid) -induce stupor -used only to relieve severe pain • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Anesthetics • Reduce or eliminate sensation • General or local anesthetics

Antibiotics and antivirals • Antibiotics - produced by microorganisms - inhibit or kill bacteria, fungi or parasites - caution about the use of antibiotics • Antivirals - used against viruses (EBV, CMV, HIV)

Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs • • • Prevent blood clotting Thrombosis and embolism Transfusion Heparin Antiplatelet drugs reduce tendency of platelets to stick together

Anticonvulsants • Prevent or reduce the frequency of convulsions in various types of epilepsy

Antidepressants • Treat symptoms of depression • Tricyclics (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) • Lithium

Antidiabetics • Treat diabetes mellitus • Type 1 – daily injections of insulin • Type 2 – oral antidiabetic drugs (sulfonylureas, biguanides, alphaglucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones and meglitinides)

Antihistamines • Block the action of histamine • Cannot cure alergic reactions but relieve symptoms • Many side effects

Cardiovascular drugs • • • Act on the heart or blood vessels Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Angiotensin ll receptor antagonists Antiarrhythmics Beta-blockers Calcium antagonists or calcium channel blockers

• Cholesterol-lowering drugs (cholestyramine and statins) • Diuretics

Endocrine drugs • Act in the same manner as naturally occuring hormones • Androgens • Antiandrogens • Estrogens • Antiestrogens • Aromatase inhibitors • Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) • Progestins

• Thyroid hormone • Glucocorticoids

Gastrointestinal drugs • Used to relieve uncomfortable and potentially dangerous symptoms • Antacids • Antiulcer drugs • Antidiarrheal drugs • Cathartics – laxatives and purgatives • Antinauseants

Respiratory drugs • Treat asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis and bronchospasm • Bronchodilators • Steroid drugs • Leukotriene modifiers

Sedatives, hypnotics and tranquilizers • Depress central nervous system, promote drowsiness and sleep • Insomnia and other sleep disorders • Tranquilizers – for controlling anxiety

Stimulants • Act on the brain to speed up vital processes in case of shock and collapse • Amphetamines • Caffeine

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