Class Mastigophora Flagellata A L Lamieaa Gh Fajir

Class Mastigophora ( Flagellata) A. L. Lamieaa Gh. Fajir

General characteristics: 1) Motility is by flagella. The flagellum arises from kinetoplast. The kinetoplast is composed of the blepharoplast and the parabasal body. 2) Vesicular nucleus with central karyosome. 3) Reproduction is by longitudinal binary fission. 4) Complex life cycles include alternation of hosts. Intermediate hosts commonly serve as vectors, which transport developing parasites from one definitive host to another.

Classification : The flagellates protozoa that are parasites of human including: 1 -Flagellates of digestive tract and genital organs such as: Flagellates of digestive tract: -Giardia lamblia , -Chilomastix mesnili , -Trichomonas hominis. -Trichomonas tenax. Flagellates of genital organs: -Trichomonas vaginalis. 2 - Flagellates of blood and tissue: -Leishmania sp. -Trypanosoma sp.

Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan parasite that colonises and reproduces in the small intestine, causing giardiasis (lambliasis). Trophozoite : Giardia trophozoites are pear-shaped or balloon shape and measure 10 -20 µm in length. In permanent, stained specimens, 2 large nuclei are usually visible. The sucking disks (used for attaching to the host’s mucosal epithelium), median bodies, and flagella (8) may also be seen

Cyst

habitat: the small intestine (duodenum) and gallbladder. Diagnosis: the diagnosis is based in recovery of typical cyst and less frequently the trophozoite in the stool. Transmission: faecal-oral (alimentary). Infective stage: cyst.

Chilomastix mesnili is a nonpathogenic intestinal commensal of humans. This parasite is found in the large intestine( colon). • Trophozoite : • 8 - 15μm length • broadly wide anterior • a sharply pointed posterior end • one large nucleus • three flagella, two short and one long • mouth opening ---cytosome • two stiff internal flagella embedded in the cytosome

Cyst: • 7 - 10 μm length • lemon shaped • one nucleus • thickening in the anterior part ( knob).

Trichomonas tenax Trichomonas. hominis Vagina and urethra mouth Large intestine Habitat 7 -23 μm 5 -12 μm 5 -15 μm Size (length) Usually 4 (3 -5) (4 -5) Usually 5 (3 -4) Number Anterior flagella Extend posteriorly beside the costa Extend on the free margin of undulating membrane Posterior flagella slit-like Narrow(small) Wide cytosome ½ of the body length 2/3 of the body length Full body length with free trailing flagellum Undulating membrane Coarse, aggregated around the undulating membrane & costa Well-developed Fine & scattered Cytoplasmic metachromatic granules Faintly stained lacking Para basal body Pathogenic (Trichomoniais) commensal ---- pathogenisity Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite

Trichomonas hominis tropozoite

Trichomonas tenax tropozoite