ClaritaEfraim pps WERNER BISCHOF American trip Spanish American

Clarita-Efraim pps WERNER BISCHOF “American trip” Spanish American Art Museum Isaac Fernández Blanco.

"Werner Bischof (26 April 1916 – 16 May 1954) was a Swiss photographer and photojournalist. He became a full member of Magnum Photos in 1949, the first new photographer to join its original founders. Bischoff's book Japan (1954) was awarded the Prix Nadar in 1955. Bischof was born in Zürich, Switzerland. When he was six years old, the family moved to Waldshut, Germany, where he subsequently went to school. . From 1939 on, he worked as an independent photographer for various magazines, in particular, du, based in Zürich. He travelled extensively from 1945 to 1949 through nearly all European countries from France to Romania and from Norway to Greece. His works on the devastation in post-war Europe established him as one of the foremost photojournalists of his time. He was associated into Magnum Photos in 1948 and became a full member in 1949. At that time Magnum was composed of just five other photographers, its founders Robert Capa, Henri Cartier-Bresson, George Rodger, David Seymour, and Ernst Haas. The focus of much of Bischof's post-war humanist photography was showing the poverty and despair around him in Europe, tempered with his desire to travel the world, conveying the beauty of nature and humanity. In 1951, he went to India, freelancing for Life, and then to Japan and Korea. For Paris Match he worked as a war reporter in Vietnam. In 1954, he travelled through Mexico and Panama, before flying to Peru, where he embarked on a trip through the Andes to the Amazonas on 14 May. On 16 May his car fell off a cliff on a mountain road in the Andes, and all three passengers were PANAMA. During the celebrations for the opening killed. of the Panama canal. March 1954. Tragically, Bischof died on 16 May 1954, only nine days before Magnum founder Robert Capa lost his life in Indochina

The famous picture ´Going to Cuzco´, made by Werner Bischof in Peru in 1954. Another timeless photographic icon in which stands out the lavish level of detail in the garment of the boy and his typical hat, along with the intricate texture of the sack he is wearing on his back, the impression of volume of his right hand, the fibrous musculature in his calves, the soft bokeh in the mountainous area which can be seen in the background above all a millenary synergy between man and nature that Werner Bischof realized was endangered. PERU. 1954. On the road to Cuzco, in the Valle Sagrado of the Urubamba river. Specially relevant is his photographic production made in Peru, truly exceptional and where he captures with praiseworthy skill, sensitiveness and discernment the ancient culture and habits of its inhabitants, its popular festivities and its landscapes and dwellings, living with them and attaining a remarkable empathy, taking an interest in their daily life, most times governed by hard working conditions.

MEXICO. Hidalgo state. 1954.

PERU. Village of Pisac. 1954.

Ciudad de México. 1954.

MEXICO. Puebla. Cholula. 1954

MEXICO. Mexico City. 1954.

MEXICO. 1954.

MEXICO. 1954.

MEXICO. Market. 1954

MEXICO. Mexico City. Mexican painter Frida Kahlo. 1954.

MEXICO. Mexico City. Mexican painter Frida Kahlo. 1954.

MEXICO. Barber shop. 1954

MEXICO. Mexico City. In front of the bullfighting arena. 1954

MEXICO. 1954.

The coffin of a child, Mexico, 1954

MEXICO. The market. 1954.

PERU. May 1954. Werner BISCHOF in Valle Sagrado, on his way to Machu Picchu, photographed by Eugene HARRIS.

PERU. 1954. Village of Pisac. Holy Week celebrations.

PERU. Between Cuzco and Pisac. 1954

PERU. 1954. Village of Pisac.

Stone wall in Sacsayhuaman, Cuzco, PERU 1954 @Werner Bischof

Sacsahuayman, Sasaywaman or Saksaq Waman (Quechua language, waman falcon or variable hawk, hispanicized spellings Sacsayhuamán, Sacsayhuaman, and others) is a citadel on the northern outskirts of the city of. Cusco, Peru, the historic capital of the Inca Empire. Sections were first built by the Killke culture about 1100; they had occupied the area since 900. The complex was expanded and added to by the Inca from the 13 th century; they built dry stone walls constructed of huge stones. The workers carefully cut the boulders to fit them together tightly without mortar. The site is at an altitude of 3, 701 m. In 1983, Cusco and Saksaywaman together were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List for recognition and protection. https: //es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sacsayhuam%C 3%A 1 n

PERU. Village of Pisac. May 1954.

PERU. 1954. Village of Pisac. Holy Week celebrations

PERU. 1954.

PERU. 1954. Village of Pisac. Holy Week celebrations

PERU. 1954.

PERU. 1954. Village of Pisac. The city maire (Alcalde) attending mass during the Holy Week.

Písac or Pisac (in hispanicized spellings) or P'isaq (Quechua for Nothoprocta, also spelled p'isaqa) is a Peruvian village in the Sacred Valley. It is situated at the Willkanuta River. The village is well known for its market every Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday, an event which attracts heavy tourist traffic from nearby Cusco. One of its more notable features was a large pisonay tree, which dominated the central plaza (it was destroyed by a 2013 thunderstorm). The sanctuary of Huanca, site of a sacred shrine, is also near the village. Pilgrims travel to the shrine every September. The area is perhaps best known for its Incan ruins, known as Inca Písac, which lie atop a hill at the entrance to the valley. The ruins are separated along the ridge into four groups: P'isaqa, Inti Watana, Qalla Q'asa, and Kinchiraqay. Inti Watana group includes the Temple of the Sun, baths, altars, water fountains, a ceremonial platform, and an inti watana, a volcanic outcrop carved into a "hitching post for the Sun" (or Inti). The angles of its base suggest that it served to define the changes of the seasons. Qalla Q'asa, which is built onto a natural spur and overlooks the valley, is known as the citadel. The Inca constructed agricultural terraces on the steep hillside, which are still in use today. They created the terraces by hauling richer topsoil by hand from the lower lands. The terraces enabled the production of surplus food, more than would normally be possible at altitudes as high as 11, 000 feet. With military, religious, and agricultural structures, the site served at least a triple purpose. Researchers believe that Písac defended the southern entrance to the Sacred Valley, while Choquequirao defended the western entrance, and the fortress at Ollantaytambo the northern. Inca Pisac controlled a route which connected the Inca Empire with the border of the rain forest. https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/P%C 3%ADsac

PERU. Village of Pisac. Market day. 1954.

PERU. Machu Picchu. 1954. Tumba real.

PERU. Cuzco. Hatunrumiyoc alley. May 1954.

HATUN RUMIYOC INCA ROCA'S PALACE Archaeological Remains of Hatunrumiyoc (Twelve-angle stone). - It is a wall constructed with the stone type "green diorite" and which is located outside the palace attributed to Inca Roca. The wall is admirable due to its polygonal architecture, whose front comprises almost the entire Hatunrumiyoc Street. One of its main features is that in the middle of the wall we can find the twelve-angle stone, which is famous because its corners and sides are perfectly assembled with the other stones. This wall has superposed sections of colonial and republican walls and, currently, it is part of the Archbishop's Palace - Art Museum. Hatunrumiyoc is known because it contains the famous "twelve-angle stone". The palace was located at the corner of Hatunrumiyoc and Herrajes streets, which is currently occupied by the Archbishop's Palace and by a museum of colonial art that is open to the public. In this place, the architects had to construct a cultivation terrace so as to level the ground, since this is where it starts intensifying its slope towards San Blas. It is worth observing this work given that they have recovered the east and south walls of the cultivation terrace thanks to the cleaning works. Although most of the Herrajes front is lost, there is still a 190 -meter perimeter surrounding the cultivation terrace, which shows the skills of the empire's engravers as well as their particular aesthetics. The retaining wall constitutes a formidable sample of the polygonal stones assembly, which was uniquely used by the Incas to construct support walls. We can also note that, in the south wall, the polygonal assembly is not structural but a veneer that covers a coarse wall used as support.

At the Hatunrumiyoc Street, it is possible to see an ancient Incan wall that was part of the palace of Inca Roca. This wall constitutes an admirable sample of the Incan work that included polishing and placing stone by stone. In this structure stands out the "Twelve-Angle Stone", which is famous due to the perfect work and the assembly of its corners.

PERU. Cuzco. 1954

PERU. Cuzco. 1954.

PERU. Cuzco. 1954.

Cusco, often spelled Cuzco , is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region as well as the Cusco Province. Located on the eastern end of the Knot of Cuzco, its elevation is around 3, 400 m (11, 200 ft). The site was the historic capital of the Inca Empire from the 13 th until the 16 th century Spanish conquest. In 1983 Cusco was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It has become a major tourist destination, hosting nearly 2 million visitors a year. The Constitution of Peru designates it as the Historical Capital of Peru. Killke culture The Killke people occupied the region from 900 to 1200, prior to the arrival of the Inca in the 13 th century. Carbon-14 dating of Saksaywaman, the walled complex outside Cusco, established that Killke constructed the fortress about 1100. The Inca later expanded and occupied the complex in the 13 th century. On 13 March 2008, archaeologists discovered the ruins of an ancient temple, roadway and aqueduct system at Saksaywaman. The temple covers some 2, 700 square feet (250 square meters) and contains 11 rooms thought to have held idols and mummies, establishing its religious purpose. Together with the results of excavations in 2007, when another temple was found at the edge of the fortress, this indicates a longtime religious as well as military use of the facility. istory Cusco was long an important center of indigenous peoples. It was the capital of the Inca Empire (13 th century-1532). Many believe that the city was planned as aneffigy in the shape of a puma, a sacred animal. How Cusco was specifically built, or how its large stones were quarried and transported to the site remain undetermined. Under the Inca, the city had two sectors: the urin and hanan. Each was divided to encompass two of the four provinces, Chinchasuyu (NW), Antisuyu(NE), Kuntisuyu (SW) and Qullasuyu (SE). A road led from each of quarter to the corresponding quarter of the empire. Each local leader was required to build a house in the city and live part of the year in Cusco, restricted to the quarter that corresponded to the quarter in which he held territory. After the rule of Pachacuti, when an Inca died, his title went to one son and his property was given to a corporation controlled by his other relatives (split inheritance). Each title holder had to build a new house and add new lands to the empire, in order to own land for his family to keep after his death. According to Inca legend, the city was rebuilt by Sapa Inca Pachacuti, the man who transformed the Kingdom of Cuzco from a sleepy city-state into the vast empire of Tawantinsuyu, Archaeological evidence, however, points to a slower, more organic growth of the city beginning before Pachacuti. The city was constructed according to a definite plan in which two rivers were channeled around the city. Archaeologists have suggested that this city plan was replicated at other sites. The city fell to the sphere of Huáscar during the Inca Civil War after the death of Huayna Capac in 1527. It was captured by the generals of Atahualpa in April 1532 in the Battle of Quipaipan. Nineteen months later, Spanish explorers invaded the city and gained control because of their arms and horses, employing superior military technology.

PERU. Cuzco. 1954

Copia vintage de "Pueblo cerca de Machu Picchu", fotografía realizada por Werner Bischof en Perú en 1954. Aparecen dos campesinas peruanas y una llama, fotografiados de espaldas y dirigiéndose hacia una aldea, cuyas casas visibles al fondo y levemente desenfocadas, constituyen una composición espléndida, realzada por los techos de paja.

Portrait of Werner Bischof, New York, 1954

Fuentes: https: //pro. magnumphotos. com/wernerbishof https: //pro. magnumphotos. com/Catalogue/ https: //juanpablolibrera. com/2016/08/07/ https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Werner_Bischof http: //noslosfotografos. blogspot. co. il/ https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cusco https: //es. wikipedia. org/wiki/P%C 3%ADsac http: //elrectanguloenlamano. /werner-bischofhttps: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/P%C 3%ADsac https: //es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sacsayhuam%C 3%A 1 n Clarita-Efraim pps: www. clarita-efraim. com Clarita-Efraim pps: chefetz@clarita-efraim. com www. clarita-efraim. com chefetz@clarita-efraim. com