Clarifying CLARIFICATION IN CONVERSATION If we cant hear

Clarifying

CLARIFICATION • IN CONVERSATION: - If we can’t hear, we ask them to repeat - If we can’t understand, we ask them to explain what they mean

CLARIFICATION • IN A RECORDED MESSAGE: - If you find there are parts of a speech you don’t understand because: - the speaker is speaking quickly - the ideas are difficult - you don’t see the connection between different parts DON’T PANIC

CLARIFICATION • DEVELOP A SYSTEM - During the listening session to mark problem items - use circles - question marks - asterisks *

CLARIFICATION • DEVELOP A SYSTEM - After the recording is finished - make notes of your questions in the margin - minor items, e. g. spelling - major items, e. g. comprehension

CLARIFICATION • WAYS TO GET THINGS CLARIFIED - Asking your classmates - Asking your teacher - Looking them up in your textbook - Doing research in a library or online

Clarifying expressions • Not hearing what was said I didn’t catch the word used for… (X) I didn’t hear what was said about… (X) I didn’t catch what was said just before… (X) What was the term used for… (X)

Clarifying expressions • Not understanding what was said I didn’t get what was said about … (X) I haven’t quite grasped what was said about (X) I’m not really clear about (X). Could you give us an example?

Clarifying expressions • Not seeing the connection I don’t quite see how (X) relates to (Y) I can’t really see the link between (X) and (Y) I don’t see why (X) is relevant to (Y) Combine Clarifying with Monitoring

Using your notes to ask questions and make comments • REASONS: - You didn’t understand something the speaker said - You would like additional information about some point of the lecture - You want to contribute additional information about a point of the lecture - You disagree with something the speaker said and want to discuss it - You agree with something the speaker said and want to express your support

To increase your knowledge and understanding of the topic • It’s a good idea to take notes on - other students’ questions and comments - the lecturer’s response - any class discussion that follows

Using handouts to help you take notes • Handouts - give you a preview of the ideas to be discussed - help you understand how the lecture is organised - provide material to study later - include: - charts or graphs - outline - further reading

Using handouts to help you take notes • How to take notes on handouts - Highlight or circle parts of the handout the lecturer discusses - Mark information you don’t understand want to ask questions about - Write comments

Responding

Responding v Relating the topic to your knowledge & personal experience v Forming your own opinions on the topic

Responding Ø Asking yourself questions such as: _ Do I accept that what is being said is true and relevant? _ Can I think of other examples that support, or don’t support what is being said? _ Do you think that other people’s opinions are reasonable?

Thinking critically about the topic ØEvaluate what other people say ØCompare it with your own knowledge and experience _ argue, both, for and against what is being said _ you still strongly hold your original opinion _ you have changed your mind

Sharing your opinion ØAn issue becomes important if you share your own opinions about it

Sharing your opinion Ø Factors influencing your ideas _ age _ educational experience _ cultural background

Supporting your opinion Ø You show you have thought about the topic in depth and can develop your argument ØSupport for your ideas consists of: _ explanations _ examples _ two or three pieces of supporting information

Supporting your opinion ØTransitional Phrases: introducing and linking first/ first of all/ first and foremost/ to begin with in addition/ additionally/ secondly/ furthermore/ moreover/ also/ then/ as well finally/ and last but not least

Pre-Listening Tasks Marine and Hydrokinetic Ernegy

Task 1 a) Marine and hydrokinetic energy technologies convert the energy of waves, tides, and river and ocean currents into electricity. b) By extracting power from moving water. For example, a buoy can harness energy from the vertical rise and fall of ocean waves, as well as back-and-forth and side-to-side movements. Currents and tides can also spin a turbine in various directions as water moves through an ocean power device, generating electricity.

Task 2 Wave Energy Tidal Energy • 2 • 3 • 4 • 1 • 5 • 6

Task 3 2. Point absorber 1. Tidal stream generators 3. Overtopping technologies 5. Barrage technology

Vocabulary

Video Watching Watch the video about marine and kinetic energy using the subtitles in English https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ir 4 Xng. Hco h. M As you listen take notes. Use telegraphic language, conventional symbols and abbreviations. Write down your notes in one of the formats you already know.