Claire Maffia Liz Webb Updates 2016 Tanya Mehmet
Claire Maffia & Liz Webb | Updates 2016 | Tanya Mehmet SKELETAL SYSTEMS
| OBJECTIVES | WHERE ARE YOU NOW, WHERE DO YOU WANT TO BE? üAll of you will be able to recognise the role of the skeletal system. üMost of you will be able to recognise the role of the skeletal system and identify at least half of the bones discussed today. üSome of you will be able to relate structure to function when discussing the role of the skeletal system.
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM? In pairs – how many can you come up with?
FUNCTIONS Movement Shape and Support Most of the bones are connected to other bones at flexible joints, which makes a solid framework with good flexibility or movement. The skeleton provides the shape and support that gives the body its shape. Protection The skeleton provides protection for the bodies vital organs i. e. brain, heart and lungs and the spinal cord. Blood Production Red blood cells (and some white cells) are manufactured by the bone marrow which is found in the cavities of some of the larger bones.
FUNCTIONS Attachment points for muscles and tendons. Mineral store The skeleton can also act as a mineral (calcium and phosphate) and lipid store. How did you do?
TYPES OF BONES Type of Bone Long Bones Example • Limb bones, • i. e. Thigh bone Function • Provide leverage for movement • Provide strength
Type of Bone Example Function Short Bones Cube shaped bones i. e. Carpals Limited movement and strength
Type of Bone Flat Bones Example Function Skull bones, pelvis and shoulder blades Protection
Type of Bone Irregular Bones Example Function All bones that are not in other categories i. e. Vertebrae, kneecap. Muscle attachment
SKELETON The skeleton includes all the bones of the body, but is commonly divided into two parts, the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is the head, spine and chest. The appendicular skeleton is the limbs.
AXIAL SKELETON | THE SKULL Maxilla Incisors Canine Mandible Pre molars Molars
THE AXIAL SKELETON | SPINE The main functions of the backbone are to provide support to the limbs and protect the spinal cord. It is divided into five regions and the number of vertebrae in each region varies from species to species.
HOW WELL ARE YOU LISTENING? Where are the following types of vertebrae found? Type of Vertebrae Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal Where is it found? Neck Region Chest Lower back Hips Tail
AXIAL SKELETAL |THE CHEST The bones of the chest include vertebrae, the breastbone (sternum), which forms the front of the thorax, and the ribs, the number of which varies from animal to animal.
THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON Forelimb Hind limb
HINDLIMB Hindlimb – The hindlimb is directly connected to the backbone through the pelvis. This leaves room for the digestive and reproductive organs.
Forelimb – The forelimb includes FORELIMB the bones from the shoulder blade down through the limb to the phalanges. Unlike humans there is no collar bone to link the forelimb to the backbone, instead the attachment is achieved through muscles and tendons.
| Note taking check | Using your notes, label the dog skeleton.
BONES…HOW MANY?
You may already know most of the skeleton… What are their common names? Cranium Mandible Vertebral Column Patella Scapula Pelvis Femur Clavicle Humerus Sternum Tibia Tarsus | Easy | Match the common and scientific names Maxilla Phalanges Coccyx | Hard | Complete the task without the supportive aids
You may already know most of the skeleton… Scientific Name Common Name Cranium Skull Vertebral Column Spine Scapula Shoulder blade Pelvis Hip bone Humerus Funny bone Sternum Scientific Name Common Name Mandible Lower jaw Patella Knee Femur Thigh bone Clavicle Collar bone Maxilla Upper jaw Phalanges Toes Coccyx Tail bone Breast bone Tibia Shin (lower leg) Tarsus Ankle bone
TASK C | REVISION http: //www. bbc. co. uk/science/humanbody/interactives/3 djigsaw_02/index. shtml? skeleton http: //www. rigb. org/insideout/anatomy/skeleton_territory/skeleton_elemen ts. swf
- Slides: 25