CLADOGRAMS CHAPTER 18 SECTION 2 THE STUDENT WILL

CLADOGRAMS CHAPTER 18 SECTION 2 THE STUDENT WILL USE A PHYLOGENETIC TREETO IDENTIFY THE EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG DIFFERENT GROUPS OF ORGANISMS

Taxonomy �dfn: discipline of classifying organisms & assigning each organism a universally accepted name �taxon: group or level of organization into which organisms are classified �ex: Genus Homo is a taxon in the classification of humans

Binomial Nomenclature �each species is assigned a 2 word scientific name: �consists of the Genus & species �Genus name is capitalized �species name is not capitalized �both in italics �Ex: Homo sapiens

3 Domains

Classification of Living Things

Classification of Living Things �Linneaus’s hiearchical system based on physical similarities �now, organisms grouped into categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent or, phylogeny

Phylogeny �evolutionary classification: strategy of grouping organisms together based on their evolutionary history

Cladograms �Most biologist now use a method called Cladistic Analysis �method uses only those characteristics that are evolutionary innovations �Derived Characters: present in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members • Use them to construct cladogram

Cladogram

Quick Lab �Notebook page 129 �Book: page 453 �Construct cladogram using information given