Civilization Villages Grow into Cities Economic Changes New
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Civilization
Villages Grow into Cities �Economic Changes: New technology i. e Irrigation systems, freed ppl to develop skills besides farming. Ex: wheel & sail �Social Changes: social classes with varying wealth, power, and influence emerged.
How Civilization Develops Advanced Cities: center for trade Specialized Workers: the wide range of crafts helped cities become centers of trade (clothing, jewelry, pottery) 3. Complex institutions: Order isneeded 4. Record keeping: tax collections, passage of laws, storage. 5. Technology: irrigation, ox-drawn plows 1. 2. http: //www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/376828/Mesopota mia
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia �“Land between two rivers” � 3000 BCE Sumer was population reached 100, 000 �Between 3200 and 2350 BCE numerous Sumerian city-states were formed. Shared the same culture but developed own govts with own rulers. (Uruk, Kish, UR, etc. )
Mesopotamia �Ziggurat: massive stepped pyramids built to house temples and altars to principal deity. �Cuneiform Writing: involved pictures pressed into clay (kyoo-nee-uh-fawrm) -Started for record keeping, but soon the graphic symbols represented sounds -literacy -Epic of Gilgamesh
(Uruk, required 1500 labors working 10 hours per day for 5 years)
Sumer � 3000 BCE -2000 BCE city-states were constantly at war. �Hammurabi's code: 1 st written form of law, laws dealt with family, community, businesses, and crime. -282 laws written on stone and posted -laws had different punishments for rich/poor, men/women. -eye for an eye concept
Assignment: Create a Ziggurat, explain why each is important to a civilization and how it leads to the next pg 19 in Book Law: Made consequences Writing: More ppl, more spec labor, need for a unified writing system to maintain order Specialized Labor: Specialization allowed cities to turn into trade centers, need for record keeping Agriculture: Allowed ppl stay in one location, more foods, more ppl, more technology, freed time for specialization
Egypt � 3000 BCE, unlike the rivers in Meso, the Nile overflowed once annually. **Irrigation** �“the gift of the Nile” �Most communities were Ag Villages engaged in local trade. �Pharaoh, the King of Egypt, constructed pyramids �Role of king differed: Meso Kings= representatives of Gods Egpt Kings=are the Gods
Egypt �Mummification: Embalming and drying the corpse to prevent decaying. �Believed in afterlife, unlike Meso.
Egyptian Life �Shaped like a pyramid �Social Ranking: Not locked into their classes, able to gain higher status. �Hieroglyphics: writing system, started simple and soon could almost be used like letters of an alphabet �Both Meso & Egpt were polytheists. �Both Meso & Egpt were patriarchal cities
Sample Test Question: The Egyptian civilization was similar to the Sumerian civilization a. In its reliance on natural defense barriers b. In its system of social stratification c. In its political structure d. In the extent to which its culture was diffused e. In the nature of the flood pattern of its major rivers
Bantu Migrations
Bantu �Migrated throughout sub- Saharan Africa 2000 -1000 BCE �Two Features that helped spread: Use of Canoes & Ag surpluses enable pop increase from place to place. �Spread of CULTURE � 1000 BCE Iron Tools allowed cultivators to clear land expand Ag. �Established Ag Societies throughout Sub. Saharan Africa: yams, oil palms, millet, sheep, pigs, and cattle.
Sample Test Question: Which of the following describes a major effect of Bantu Migrations? a. The single common religion in sub-Saharan Africa b. The diffusion of irrigation techniques in East Africa c. Cultural commonalities in sub-Saharan Africa d. The political integration between Bantu ppl and Indian sailors
Assignment: with one partner Compare Mesopotamia and Egypt Mesopotamia Egypt Political Economic Social Govts, Laws, leaders Crops, technology, specialized labor, buildings, writing Religion, structure,
Some Answers Political Economic Social Mesopotamia City-states, Code of Hammurabi Grains, Wheel & Sail= trade, Cuneiform, Metallurgy , Irrigation, invasions, unpredictable rivers Village life, pyramids, Hieroglyphics, Polytheism, Stratified Society Egypt Pharaohs, Kingdom of Kush Barley, Ironworking, Ziggurat, Irrigation, “gift of the Polytheism, Nile” , trade, Stratified Society invasions
Indus River Valley � 2500 BCE another advanced civilization emerged. (present day Pakistan) �While Egypt was building pyramids, Indus people were laying bricks in India’s first cities. �Historians know less b/c the writing has yet to be deciphered. � 2 major cities arose Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro
Planned Cities �Like Meso, Indus River was unpredictable �Monsoons, with cycles of wet and dry �They build strong levees, to keep the water, and human made islands to raise cities. �Unlike Meso, their cities were laid out on a precise grid system, granaries �Buildings were build with oven-baked bricks cut into standard sizes. �Plumbing and sewage systems pg 47
�All of this organization, suggests a strong central govt. �Culture, like Meso and Egpt was based on Agriculture. �Little social division, artifacts show a prosperous society, few weapons, emphasis on animals
�Religion: like Meso, ruler was the tie to Gods �Evidence of the Hindu religion �Trade: Gold, Silver with Afghanistan. Precious stones with Persia. �Indus River was key to transportation �Around 1750 BCE the cities gradually fell: Earthquakes, flooding, and deforestation.
Sample Test Question The Indus River Valley a. Relied heavily on communal planning b. Is best studied though its written records c. Was isolated from other river valley civilizations because of mountains d. Declined after the arrival of the Aryan invaders e. Shared similar flood control concerns as Egptians
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