Civilization Recovers c 1000 500 BC Middle East

Civilization Recovers c. 1000 -500 BC

Middle East Phoenicia “Purple People” c. 800 BC Grows out of fallen Sumeria Cities Byblos and Tyre Trading sea power Resources Sea ports Dye shells Timber No farm land Colonies in N. Africa and Europe Cathage Cadize, Spain Developed alphabet and spread through trade

Middle east (continued) Assyrian Empire 750 -620 BC Fills Hittites power vacuum King Tiglath-pilaser III Dominate by fear and military power Divide into districts ruled by governors Too small to mount successful rebellion Kings claimed to speak with nature Unstable when environmental problems occur Lose legitimacy

King Tiglath-Pilaser III

Middle East (continued) Assyrian Empire King’s harem compete for sons’ influence Assyria conquers Babylon Last bastion of Sumerian power Often rebelled against Assyria Rebellions put down with massacres and mass deportations Approximately ½ million Assyrian Empire falls c. 620 BC under Ashurbanipal

Ashurbanipal

Middle East (continued) Babylonia 605 -562 BC Moves from city-state to imperial power Nebuchadnezzar Conquers Judah Destroys Solomon’s Temple Competed with Egypt for remnants of Assyrian Empire Stalemate that eventually led to fall of Babylon

Siege of Jerusalem

Greece C. 1000 -900 BC Greek city-states fill vacuum left by Mycenea Begin ship building and Mediterranean trading Population expands due to iron plow Migrations from Europe Begins colonizing to solve over population All over Mediterranean Pick up, refine, and spread Phoenician alphabet Spread Greek ideas and architecture

Greek (continued) Greek society Myths about Greece Founded democracy Really only Athens Even then only male citizens No women (child rearing and no public presence) No slaves (40% of population) Purity Actually indebted to Asia Egypt, Lydia, Ionian islands

Pericles

Thrace and Etruscans Thrace Between Greece and Turkey Built small trading center Height at 429 BC Etruscans Early Italy Iron mines in Elba (island) Women had more freedom Leave house Dine with men

Asia c. 750 BC and India Asia Zhou expansion over reach ability to rule Earthquakes and economic downfall lead to “lost mandate” Barbarians from North force Zhou out of ancestral land Beginning of “Warring States” period India Brand new civilization in Ganges Valley 1000 BC Detailed in Upishands More modern Hinduism = Upishands and Vedas No known connection to Harappa

Sri Lanka Island south of India Built on dry plateau Advanced hydraulic technology

Africa and America Little known Geographic isolation Rapid degradation due to climate Lack of navigable harbors and consistent winds

North America 1000 -500 BC Dorset culture Far north around Hudson Bay Expand due to blubber lamps More beyond forests Barbed harpoons Poverty Point culture (after site in Louisiana) Traded along Mississippi, Tennessee, and Red Rivers Copper, jewelry, and fine tools Built large earth mounds for ceremony Ohio Valley Tucson Valley

Africa 1000 -500 BC Nubia gains independence from Egypt Centered in Napata and Meroe Official language changed to native tongue Hard iron forging begins in Niger Bantu language spreads south Slave trade begins Across Sahara to Mediterranean Across Indian Ocean at horn of Africa