Civil War United States History Mrs OShea 1860

Civil War United States History Mrs. O’Shea

1860 Presidential Election • • Abraham Lincoln won 39% popular vote 180 electoral votes not a single electoral vote from South Name did not appear on many southern ballots

1860 ELECTION RESULTS

Southern Secession Ø South Carolina seceded in Dec. 1860 Ø 6 others states followed = Texas Louisiana Mississippi Alabama Florida Georgia Ø Created Confederate States of America

Fort Sumter • Federal fort outside Charleston, SC • Federal supply ship shot at by Confederates • Lincoln wanted to preserve Union – must protect fort • April 12, 1861 – Confederates seize fort • Lincoln called on loyal states to supply 750, 000 militiamen to subdue the rebellion. • Ordered blockade of southern ports.

Battle of Bull Run • Union troops – not prepared • Sent by Lincoln to capture Richmond – Confederate capital city • Met with 32, 000 Confederate troops outside of Manassas. • Union troops were sent running back to Washington, D. C. IMPORTANCE • Boosted Confederates morale • Signaled to Union that they needed to prepare for a real war

CASUALTIES • Heavy casualties on both sides – killed, wounded, captured, or MIA • Disease (typhoid fever, dysentery, salmonella, gangrene, malaria)

Casualties (deaths) Revolutionary War = 4, 400 Mexican American War = 13, 000 Civil War = 600, 000 WWI = 115, 000 WWII = 407, 000 Korean War = 33, 000 Vietnam War = 58, 000 War in Iraq = 4, 244 (as of February 13, 2009) Really rough estimates – Mrs. O’Shea

Casualties (deaths)

Lincoln and Slavery • “Preserve the Union” • Personally opposed to slavery • Came to regard abolishing slavery as a strategy for winning war • Slave working in field = one more Southerner fighting in fields

Emancipation Proclamation p. 396 • effectively removed any chance of a negotiated settlement between the North and the South. • The Emancipation Proclamation caused an outcry to rise from the South who said that Lincoln was trying to stir up slave rebellion. • The North now had a much stronger moral cause. It had to preserve the Union and free the slaves.

African Americans in War • July 1862 – Congress allows African-Americans to join military • January 1, 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation – encouraged freed slaves to fight • By 1865 – 180, 000 African Americans had enlisted (10% of troops) • Less pay • Black regiments – white officers • 54 th Massachusetts Infantry – bravery in attack on Ft. Wagner – first medal of honor (Sergeant William Carney) GLORY

Plans to Win!!! • Union – attacked from West and East – Anaconda Plan (choke them) • Confederacy – attacked Union through Virginia (scare Northerners – fuel anti-war movement in North)

Gettysburg Address • • Dedication of cemetery Honors Union soldiers Expresses grief of nation Necessity of preserving the Union http: //www. npr. org/templates/story. php ? story. Id=1512410

North – Strategy Anaconda Plan – General Winfield Scott Slowly entwine and crush

Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” Union – Mc. Clellan CSA - Lee Maryland September 17, 1862 Results The result of the battle was inconclusive but the north did win a strategic advantage. 23, 100 casualties Significance Forced the Confederate Army to retreat back across the Potomac River. President Lincoln saw the significance of this and issued the famous Emancipation on September 22, 1862.

Chancellorsville Union – Major General Joseph Hooker CSA – Robert E. Lee, Major General Thomas J. Jackson Results Confederate Victory. 24, 000 casualties of which 14, 000 were Union soldiers. Significance Considered to be Lee’s greatest victory Death of Stonewall Jackson.

Shiloh – “place of peace” Tennessee Union - Ulysses S. Grant CSA – Johnston Results Grant was defeated 20, 000 casualties on both sides

Draft Confederacy 1862 – ages 18 -35 1862 – ages 18 -45 1864 – ages 17 -50 Exemptions – substitute or $500 in cash Union 1863 – ages 20 -45 Exemptions - $300 or medical grounds

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13 -16, 1863)

The Progress of War: 1861 -1865

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

“War is cruelty. The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over. ”

Sherman’s March p. 412 • Union General William Sherman’s total war • GOAL = destroy the Confederacy's ability to wage further war • 300 mile path of destruction – destroying railroads, bridges, factories, livestock, crops, etc. • Most likely speed up the ending of the war

South Surrenders Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia (private home – not a court building) -take horses and go home -obey laws April 9, 1865

Lincoln Assassinated • April 14, 1865 • John Wilkes Booth – wanted to kidnap in exchange for Confederate prisoners. • Changed plans – killed Lincoln • Ford’s Theater

Execution