Civil War Turning Point War in the East

Civil War: Turning Point

War in the East More Confederate Victories: d e Fr g r u sb k c i er • December 1862 • Union retreatedheavy casualties Burnside Mc. Clellan Lee

War in the East More Confederate Victories: e l l i rsv a h C o l l e c n • May 1863 • Brilliant victory for Lee and the Confederates Hooker. Burnside Jackson Mc. Clellan Lee

Vicksburg Back in the west… • Vicksburg= last city held by Confederates on the MI River. Vicksburg is the key!!

Vicksburg g e i S The … n a g e be Pemberton Grant • May 18 – July 4, 1863

Vicksburg • Union General Grant surrounded and attacked • Confederate General Pemberton surrendered after 47 days

Vicksburg Turning Point: • Union now controlled the Mississippi River – The Confederacy is cut in two! Ric d? n o hm

. . Lincoln elected 1860. SC out. . CSA formed. . Lincoln inaugurated. . . 1861. . . . UN. . IO. . CO N 1862. NF. . ED. . ER. . AT. . E. . 1863. . . Time Line Significant Battles*

. . Lincoln elected 1860. SC out. . CSA formed. . Lincoln inaugurated. . Ft. Sumter*. . st. . 1 Manassas* 1861. . . . UN Donelson*. Ft. . . IO Shiloh* New Orleans*. . CO N Seven Days*. . 1862 NF. nd Manassas*. 2. . Antietam* ED. . ER Fredericksburg*. . Emancipation Proclamation AT. . E. . 1863 Chancellorsville*. . . Time Line Significant Battles*

. . 1860. . . . Ft. Sumter* VI. CT. . 1 st Manassas* 1861. . O. . RI. . ES. . UN IN. . IO TH VI. N CT CO E Seven Days*. . 1862 EA. OR NF nd Manassas*. 2. . Antietam* ST IE ED. ER. . S Fredericksburg* IN. . AT. . TH E 1863 E Chancellorsville*. . EA. . S T Time Line Significant Battles* ?

Gettysburg The tide turns in the east…

Gettysburg • July 1 - 3, 1863 • Lee vs. Meade Lee Meade

Gettysburg • Lee marched his Confederate army into Pennsylvania. • Day 1: Confederates pushed Union through town – Union set up a defensive position outside of town.

Gettysburg • Day 2: Confederates attacked Union’s left and right flanks. – Unsuccessful

Gettysburg • Day 3: Confederates charged up the Union center – Pickett’s Chargeunsuccessful Pickett

Gettysburg “One mile they marched, while being pounded by artillery and rifle fire. Through it all, Pickett's men reached but failed to break the Union line, and the magnificent effort ended in disaster. The tide of the Confederacy had ‘swept to its crest, paused, and receded. ’”

Gettysburg X • Confederates retreated back to Virginia – Meade did not follow

Gettysburg • Casualties: – Union- 23, 000 – Confederacy- 28, 000 Over 165, 000 men and 634 cannons had been positioned in an area of 25 square miles. An estimated 569 tons of ammunition was fired and, when the battle had ended, 5, 000 dead horses and the other wreckage of war presented a scene of terrible devastation.

Turning Point: • Union now thought they were going to win • No allies for Confederacy

. . 1860. . . . Ft. Sumter* VI. CT. . 1 st Manassas* 1861. . O. . RI. . ES. . UN IN. . IO TH VI. N CT CO E Seven Days*. . 1862 EA. OR NF nd Manassas*. 2. . Antietam* ST IE ED. ER. . S Fredericksburg* IN. . AT. . TH E 1863 E Chancellorsville*. . EA. Gettysburg*. S T Time Line Significant Battles* Gettysburg Address

Gettysburg Address

Invitation to the President to come to Gettysburg “. . . a few appropriate remarks. ” David Wills

• November 19, 1863 Crowd gathering at Soldiers’ National Cemetery

O

What would the President say?

Fewer than 300 words Only 9 sentences Less than 3 minutes

“Four score and seven years ago. . . ” OUR B IRTH CERTI FICATE “conceived in liberty. . . ” 1776

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. ” Slavery “the negro is not equal to the white man; slavery—subordination to the superior race—is his natural and normal condition. ” Equality The Clash of Propositions

• Lincoln’s speech given at a dedication ceremony of a national cemetery at Gettysburg – Praised the bravery of the Union soldiers – Renewed commitment to win the war • Reunited nation would be different though. EQUALITY