Civil War The Consequences CHANGES Political Ended the

Civil War – The Consequences CHANGES: Political: ØEnded the threat of secession when federal policies angered states ØImpacted individuals üTaxation of private incomes üConscription üRequired everyone to accept new paper currency Economic: ØNational Bank Act – 1863, system of federally chartered banks ØNorthern economy boomed ØSouthern economy suffered ü 1860 = 30% of national wealth ü 1870 = 12% of national wealth ØDisparity between the regions, north & south, would last until the 20 th Century COSTS: Union: ØCasualties— ü 360, 000 dead ü 275, 000 wounded ØWar costs totaled approx. $2. 3 billion Ø national debt increased by $2. 63 billion ØInflation peaked at 182% in 1864 Confederate: ØCasualties— ü 260, 000 dead ü 225, 000 wounded ØWar costs approx. $1 billion ØDebt ran over $1. 8 Billion ØInflation rose to 7, 000 % United States: ØDestroyed infrastructure of the south… railroads, agriculture, industry ØTotal Costs = approx $3. 3 billion

Reconstruction – Politics & the 10% Plan Before his assassination, Lincoln conceived a plan for the rebel southern states to re-join the Union. Lincoln believed that constitutionally, secession was impossible, so he favored a lenient plan for the south. Also, it was time to start healing Reconstruction: Period from 18651877, time of rebuilding after the Civil War Wade-Davis Bill: July 1864, put Congress in charge of Reconst. Majority would have to swear allegiance. **Lincoln used a ‘pocket’ veto to kill this bill Wanted the south’s return quick & easy Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan Radical Republicans opposed the plan… Wanted to destroy the power of former slaveholders Would pardon all Confederates who would swear allegiance to the union (10%) for readmit to union Excluded high ranking officials & those accused of crimes against POW’s (prisoners of war).

Reconstruction – Politics & Johnson’s Plan May of 1865, Johnson revealed his own plan for Presidential Reconstruction. Johnson was a supporter of states’ rights & from Tennessee, a relief to many southerners. Presidential Reconstruction: Radical Republicans: üEach state must withdraw Upset over the plan because: ates still to be admitted to it’s secession üDid not address three areas e Union: üSwear allegiance to the of former slaves abama, Florida, Georgia, Union • land ssissippi, North Carolina, üAnnul Confederate war outh Carolina, Texas • Voting rights debts • Protection under the üRatify the 13 th Amendment law üPrevented former highranking Confederates from voting rights Confederate states agreed to terms, with a few exceptions. Dec. 1865, Southern legislators arrived in DC. Many had served in the CSA gov’t and had been pardoned by Johnson. Many Radical Republicans & African Americans were angered by this.

Reconstruction – Congressional Plans Many in Congress did not agree with Johnson the Reconstruction was over. They saw the south as basically the same as before. Freedmen’s Bureau Act: Created by moderates. ØAssist former slaves & poor whites üProvide clothing & food ØSet up: ü hospitals üTraining centers Congressional Actions Civil Rights Act of 1866 : Passed by Congress… ØGave African Americans citizenship ØForbade states from passing Black Codes Presidential Reaction: ØPres. Johnson vetoed both acts , stating that Congress had gone for beyond what the Constitution required ØJohnson alienated moderate Republicans, and angered radicals. ØJohnson’s actions led moderates & radicals to act together now, to override presidential vetoes & draft the 14 th Amendment

Reconstruction – Congressional Reconstruction By mid-1866, the battle lines were set between Congress and the President. Congress overrode presidential vetoes…now they would start working towards the 14 th Amendment. Reconstruction Act of 1867: 14 th Amendment: üDid not recognize southern üMade “all persons born or 1866 Elections: gov’ts set up under Lincoln or naturalized in the US citizens üCongressional only Johnson of the country. “ üJohnson offended many üDivided 10 former CSA into üEntitled to equal protectionpeople of 5 military districts the law üRace riots erupted & killed üVoters would elect delegates üNo state could deprive a approx. 80 blacks to draft constitutions person of life, liberty & üRepublicans won a landslide, üMust ensure African property without due processtaking a 2/3 majority American men the right to vote of law Johnson attempted to veto the Reconstruction Act, but it was overridden by the majority of Congress (House of Reps. ) moved to impeach Johnson for violation of the Office of Tenure Act. Johnson’s trial in the Senate failed to get the necessary 2/3 by one vote.