Civil War Foldable Causes Slavery not a necessity

Civil War Foldable

Causes • Slavery- not a necessity in N (not reliant on a cheap, reliable workforce). • Buy agricultural products cheap>make into finished products= $=wages for workers – South=economy based on agriculture. Agriculture is heavily reliant upon uncontrollable forces: weather, – prices reliant upon customer demand amount of availability. – Therefore, farmers do not always make a profit. Many live on credit and in debt.

• State’s Rights- rights not designated for the fed. gov’t is maintained w/in the state. • Ex. Slavery-not addressed in const. therefore choice of state. • Sectionalism-belief your areas are better than anyone else’s

legislation • Missouri Compromise • Problem which occurs: Missouri wanted to enter the Union bka United States • Missouri wanted to be a slave state. This would cause an imbalance of power in Congress between free and slave states • Solution: Maine enters as free state and Missouri enters as slave state

• 2. Congress drew imaginary line across southern portion of Missouri (slavery would not go past)

• The Compromise of 1850 • Cali. wanted to enter the union • Problem- balance of free and slave states would change • Solution: North benefits-1. California enters as free state • 2. slave trade ended in District of Columbia • 3. Texas would not annex New Mexico

• South’s Benefits • 1. New Mexico & Utah would decide whether they wanted to be slave or free (popular sovereignty) • 2. residents of District of Columbia could keep the slaves they already had (just couldn’t import more) • 3. Congress passed a law 4 runaway slaves to be returned to their owner (fugitive slave act)

• Kansas –Nebraska Act • Created by Stephen Douglas • Areas of Kansas & Nebraska would practice popular sovereignty • Problem- Missouri Compromise did not permits slavery north of Missouri’s southern boundary • Response- free soilers (against slavery& wants land to be given to western settlers for farming) and pro slavery (4 slavery)

• Fight violently bka Bleeding Kansas • Result • 1. Congress rejected Kansas’ bid for statehood • 2. Southerners realize northern votes alone could keep slave states from the Union

• Dred Scott Decision • Dred Scott is slave from Missouri • Scott’s owner takes him from Missouri to Illinois to then to Wisconsin • Scott returns to Missouri and claims he is a free black • How? He lived in a free state • Action- took owner to court (Supreme Court)

• Outcome • 1. illegal to sue/go to court; Scott is a slave and slaves are not citizens (slave codes) • 2. Congress did not have the right to stop slavery in territories (based upon the repealing of the Missouri Compromise in 1854) • Affects north & south- further divides the north and south and pushes them closer to war

• Election of 1860 - S. C. declares if Republican Abraham Lincoln wins presidential election, they will secede. Fear-Lincoln will outlaw slavery. • SC secedes on Dec. 20, 1860 followed by GA on Jan. 19, 1861 • Alexander Stephens spoke first in favor of remaining in Union, but later becomes VP of Confederacy.

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl” Clairmont Press h/o book. Students answers the following questions 1. Based on the story, write 5 adjectives that would describe Harriet Jacobs. 2. Which of the incidents described touched you the most? Why? 3. Which incident do you think caused her the most emotional pain? Why? 4. Which of the punishments described do you think was the most cruel? Why? 5. Do you think there are nations in the world where this type of cruelty still occurs? Why and where? In your opinion, how can it be eliminated?

Let’s Compare south 9 million (3 ½ slaves) North Strong well-trained army & navy No $ or industry Est. functioning gov’t Familiar territory Attempting to reunite by force Thought to be a short

Similarities of Soldiers • Under age of 21 (13 -21) • Lower economic groups • Do not really know about war until fighting begins • Want to be a hero

Rations • Both sides depend on food found in woods, taken from farms, or sutler wagons

Confederate or Union • Kentucky Maryland Missouri • Tennessee Georgia S. Carolina Alabama Louisiana Mississippi • Virginia Florida West Virginia Pennsylvania Delaware • North Carolina • Texas Arkansas