CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION 4 TH GRADE CIVIL

CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION 4 TH GRADE

CIVIL WAR • https: //www. brainpop. com/socialstudies/ushistory/civilwarcauses/ • By the 1850 s many people in the United States wanted slavery to end. • Many Southern Plantations depended on Slavery. Southerners believed that each state or region should make its own decision about slavery. • 1861 - South Carolina seceded (withdrew) from the United States (Union) They formed the Confederate States of America or Confederacy. • In 1861, conflicts between the North and the South caused a Civil War- groups of people in the same country fight each other.

CIVIL WAR • In April 1861 the Civil War started when the Confederate soldiers fired on the Union soldiers at Fort Sumter. • NC seceded on May 20, 1861. • https: //www. brainpop. com/socialstudies/ushistory/civilwar/

BATTLE OF HATTERAS INLET BATTERIES • Location- Coastal Plain • August 28, 1861 - August 29, 1861 • Outcome: Union victory • The first combined operation of the Union Army and Navy in the American Civil War ROANOKE ISLAND • Location- Coastal Plain • February 7, 1862 – February 8, 1862 • Outcome: Union victory

1861 • Civil War begins when the Confederate fires on the Union at Fort Sumter at Charleston South Carolina.

1862 • Battle of Antietam • Monitor and Marrimack Naval Battle

1863 • Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all slaves. • Lincoln gives famous speech at Gettysburg Battlefield.

1864 • Cities, towns and railroads from Atlanta to Savana, GA are estroyed.

BATTLE OF NEW BERN • Location: Coastal Plain • March 14, 1862 • Outcome: Union victory FORT MACON • Location- Coastal Plain • March 23, 1862 – April 26, 1862 • Outcome: Union victory

KINSTON • Location- Coastal Plain • December 14, 1862 • Outcome: Union victory BATTLE OF WHITEHALL • Location- Coastal Plain • December 16, 1862 • Outcome: Inconclusive

BATTLE OF FORT FISHER 1 and 2 • Location- Coastal Plain • December 7, 1864 – December 27, 1864 • Outcome: Confederate victory • The Fort protected Wilmington – it was the last major blockade-running port of the Confederacy 2 nd Battle January 13 -15 1865 Outcome- Union victory

BATTLE OF MONROE’S CROSS ROADS • Location- Coastal Plain • March 10, 1865 • Outcome: Inconclusive • Took place west of Fayetteville and is where present day Fort Bragg is • The Confederates waited while the Union soldiers were asleep – resulting in the Confederates overrunning the Union camp

BATTLE OF BENTONVILLE • Location- Coastal Plain • March 19, 1865 – March 21, 1865 • Outcome: Union victory • The largest Civil War land engagement in North Carolina

Harper Home This was used as a Union hospital during the Battle of Bentonville. It was located right next to the battle field. It is still located there today. It is now a historic site.

Important People Zebulon Vance William Henry Singleton Confederate soldier American slave Combat officer of the confederate troops Fought in the Union army Governor of North Carolina

THE WAR ENDS • At the battle of Bentonville, Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrendered to Sherman at James Bennett’s farmhouse. • Before this, General Robert E. Lee (the leader of the Confederacy) had surrendered to the Union leader, General Ulysses S. Grant. • President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves. • 13 th Amendment-Ended Slavery

EFFECTS OF THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION • Colleges and Factories shut down because people were needed to fight in the war. It was safer for people to be with their families. • The war was very expensive and as a result banks closed. • As a result of the poor economy, many former slaves and poor white people began sharecropping. A sharecropper rents land from a farmer and pays the landowner a share of what he makes from his crops. • The United States government set up the Freedman’s Bureau in 1865 to provide food, clothing, and education to people in need throughout the south. • 14 th Amendment- Gave all US Citizens equal treatment under the law. • 15 th Amendment- African American Men the right to vote. • https: //www. brainpop. com/socialstudies/ushistory/reconstruction/