CIVIL WAR 1861 1865 Union vs Confederate CAUSES

CIVIL WAR 1861 -1865 Union vs. Confederate

CAUSES FOR THE WAR • Slavery • Economic development • State rights vs. federal government

Choosing sides • The North and South were like two separate countries • The Civil War was fought between 23 Union states and 11 states of the new Confederacy

The MILITARY • General Ulysses S. Grant lead the Northern troops (also called Union soldiers, Federals, or Yankees). • Southern troops were under the direction of Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson. They were also called the Confederates or Rebels.

• President Abraham Lincoln told his civil and military leaders, "See what a lot of land these fellows hold, of which Vicksburg is the key! The war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket. . ”

BATTLE OF VICKSBURG • Critical turning point in U. S. history • After Southern states secede, Confederate Forces closed River posing a threat to the North • Grant plans to regain control of the Mississippi River • Vicksburg: valuable land, ideal city to siege, strategic bend in the Mississippi River

GRANT’S PLAN TO CAPTURE VICKSBURG • After many attempts to capture Vicksburg, General Grant decided to attack Port Hudson and then march overland to Vicksburg • Grant tried to confuse Lt. Pemberton by diverting troops • Grant’s plan was a long bitter struggle with many casualties • This plan to attack failed and Grant ordered a siege on the City • All supplies into the City were cut off • The siege lasted 47 days • Pemberton surrendered and the North gained control of the River

REFERENCES TO THE CIVIL WAR AND THE MIRACLE WORKER BY William Gibson • Captain Keller was a captain in the Confederate Army during the Civil War • Captain and James discuss the war at the breakfast table • Captain and James disagree how they lost the war • They have a spirited discussion over General Ulysses S. Grant’s abilities

TWO LEADERS • General Ulysses S. Grant Ø Major General of Union troops Ø From the North Ø Leader of the Vicksburg Campaign Ø Fighting General prepared to win Ø Ruthless determination Ø Bold military maneuvers • Miss Annie Sullivan Ø Ø Teacher and disciplinarian From the North Hired to teach Helen Keller Impertinent teacher prepared to win Ø Ruthless determination Ø Bold teaching methods

THE BREAKFAST SCENE • Helen is undisciplined and misbehaves • Tension grows between Captain Keller and James about the war • Annie takes control and ushers everyone out of the room • Annie and Helen have a physical brawl • Annie physically restrains Helen and forces her to do her will

OUTLINE OF WAR • Civil War • Helen Keller Ø Campaign Ø Siege Ø Defense Ø Teach Helen manners Ø Disciplinary action Ø Communication