Civil Rights Movement Civil Rights Early Demands for

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Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Early Demands for Equality n AA discontent with segregation after WWII Jim

Civil Rights Early Demands for Equality n AA discontent with segregation after WWII Jim Crow Laws n De Jure Segregation: enforced by law vs. De Facto Segregation: by tradition n Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) - non violent protest group

Civil Rights n Brown vs. Board of Education – NAACP challenges Plessy vs. Ferguson

Civil Rights n Brown vs. Board of Education – NAACP challenges Plessy vs. Ferguson – Segregated schools violate US constitution SC Chief Justice Earl Warren – Little Rock 9: Ark. Gov. refused integration- called in Nat’l Grd. – Pres. Eisenhower sends Federal troops to escort students

Civil Rights Montgomery Bus Boycott: Rosa Parks refuses to move seat for white person,

Civil Rights Montgomery Bus Boycott: Rosa Parks refuses to move seat for white person, AA boycott bus riding for over 1 yr finally declared unconstitutional n MLK Jr. preaches non violent resistance Southern Christian Leadership Conf. (SCLC n

Civil Rights Movement Gains Ground n Integration slow in coming- several forms of protest

Civil Rights Movement Gains Ground n Integration slow in coming- several forms of protest grow – Greensboro sit-in: 4 black students refuse to move when Woolworth’s refused them service – Student Nonviolent Coordinating Comm. (SNCC)- grass roots mvmt to defeat racism

Civil Rights – “Freedom Riders” 1961 - CORE stages freedom rides through deep south

Civil Rights – “Freedom Riders” 1961 - CORE stages freedom rides through deep south to protest segregation on public transportation met with bombs and mobs – Pres. Kennedy sends federal troopers to protect riders

Civil Rights n n March On Washington: SNCC, SCLS, CORE, etc protest MLK “I

Civil Rights n n March On Washington: SNCC, SCLS, CORE, etc protest MLK “I have A Dream” Speech Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1964: banned segregation in public facilities

Civil Rights New Successes and Challenges n AA still face voting restrictions (poll taxes,

Civil Rights New Successes and Challenges n AA still face voting restrictions (poll taxes, literacy tests) Freedom Summer n Students in Miss. register hundreds of AA to vote n Voting Rights Act of 1965 and 24 th Am: bans literacy tests and poll taxes n Baker vs. Carr- limit gerrymandering based on race n Race riots: LA, NJ, AA use violence against cops, white business owners

Civil Rights New voices of Civil Rights – Malcolm X: Nation of Islam AA

Civil Rights New voices of Civil Rights – Malcolm X: Nation of Islam AA radical - separation of races – Black Power: continue fight for equality – Black Panthers: militant AA- armed patrols, extremist group n 1968: MLK assassinated by James Earl Ray

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