Civil Air Patrol AeroSpace Education Knowledge Skills Attitudes

Civil Air Patrol Aero-Space Education Knowledge. Skills. Attitudes. Squadron Aerospace Education. Team Lt. Col. Steve Stein Aerospace Education Officer 1 LT Tom Tye Deputy AEO CPT Dona Stein Orientation Rides Project Officer 24 C/John Herman Cadet AEO

Civil Air Patrol Aero-Space Education Knowledge. Skills. Attitudes. The Civil Air Patrol Model Rocketry Program Redstone Stage Text colored in green indicates Quiz material 23

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” Chinese invent rockets in the 1 st Century A. D. • Made a simple explosive powder from saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal and used in religious festivals. • Eventually these were turned into weapons. “Fire Arrows” were used at the battle of Kai-Keng where the Chinese repelled the Mongol invaders in 1232 (13 th Century). 22

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” • Simple rockets were used in other battles over the centuries such as: - By the French against the - British in 1429 at Orleans - Again in 1449 at Siege of Pont-Andemer - 100 lb. shrapnel carrying rockets during the Thirty Year War (1618 -1648) - In India against the British (1792 -1799) 21

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” • Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion in the 17 th Century were used practically in the design of rockets. 20

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” William Congreve, a British military expert, used a more scientific approach: • Standardized the composition of gunpowder • Added “sticks” as flight stabilizing guides • Increased rockets range from 300 to 3, 000 yards • “Congreve” rockets were used by the British against Americans at Fort Mc. Henry in 1812 and are the “rocket’s red glare” in “The Star Spangled Banner” 19

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” • William Hale developed the technique of spin stabilization which increased stability and accuracy. • By the end of the 19 th Century dreams of space flight were beginning, but this would require machines with great power and speed. 18

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Konstantin Eduarodovich Tsiolkovsky (1857 -1935) • Russian teacher. • He was a visionary and is still considered by his countrymen to be the first scientist to lay the foundation for space exploration. • He was fascinated by stories such as Jules Vern’s 1865 novel “From The Earth To The Moon”. • He invented concepts such as spacesuits, microgravity, and rocket control outside the atmosphere. 17

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Konstantin Eduarodovich Tsiolkovsky (1857 -1935) • In 1903 he published an article titled “The Exploration of the World Space with Jet Propulsion Instruments”. It is recognized as being the first true, scientifically-based proposal for space exploration. • The article covered such topics as: - The relationship between the mass of a rocket as it burns fuel, the velocity of the exhaust, and its final velocity - He illustrated a liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen engine which is the most powerful chemical fuel combination, used today by the Space Shuttle. 16

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Konstantin Eduarodovich Tsiolkovsky (1857 -1935) He is often recognized as the Father of Space Travel. 15

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Hermann Oberth (1894 -1989) • Born in Transylvania. At age 11 he too was inspired by Vern’s “From The Earth To The Moon”, realizing that many of the book’s concepts had sound science behind them. • At age 14 he theorized a rocket could travel through space by expulsing exhaust gases. 14

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Herman Oberth (1894 -1989) • As a doctoral student he wrote a thesis on the development of the rocket titled “The Rocket In To Planetary Space”. 13 • Though initially rejected by the science community, thesis covered topics such as: - Fuel consumption - Fuel handling hazards - Dangers of working with solid propellant - Possible hazards to humans

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Herman Oberth (1894 -1989) • He also reasoned the concept of “staging” to lighten a rocket and improve its engine’s efficiency by dropping off excess dead weight. • In the 1930’s he worked with Werner von Braun on developing the V-2 rocket for the German Army, and later they worked together for the U. S. Army. 12

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Robert H. Goddard (1882 -1945) • The Father of practical modern rocketry. • In his high school valedictorian speech he wrote, “The dream of yesterday, is the hope of today, and the reality of tomorrow”. • After a period of experimentation he built and flew the first successful liquid rocket, launched on 16 MAR 1926 near Worchester, Massachusetts. • It flew for 2. 5 seconds to an altitude of 41 ft. 11

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Robert H. Goddard (1882 -1945) • One of the great advantages of liquid fuel over solid fuel is that it can be controlled. • During WWI his work on solid fuels led to the development of the WWII anti-tank bazooka. 10

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Robert H. Goddard (1882 -1945) • In the 1920’s he wrote a paper speculating on the eventual travel to the Moon using high-powered rockets. It caught the media’s attention where he was ridiculed. This caused Goddard to conduct most of his future experimentation in secret. 9 • He and his wife moved to New Mexico and continued to conduct rocketry experiments, and caught the attention and interest of famed aviator Charles Lindbergh.

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Robert H. Goddard (1882 -1945) • His research was little recognized by the U. S. scientific community, but was closely followed by German scientists who were preparing for war. • His experimental work included: - Fuel feeding devices - Propellant pumps - Gyroscopic stabilizers - Flight monitoring instrumentation 8

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Robert H. Goddard (1882 -1945) Just prior to WWII he helped the Navy develop the solid fueled Jet Assisted Take-Off (JATO) rocket. 7

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Dr. Werner von Braun (1912 -1977) • Like many others, he was inspired by the works of Jules Vern and H. G. Wells. • As a teen he was a follower of Oberth and became involved in a German rocket society. • In the 1930’s he worked with Oberth developing German rocketry. • He led the group that developed the V-2 ballistic missile for the Nazis of WWII. 6

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Dr. Werner von Braun (1912 -1977) • Though controversy still looms over whether he knew slave labor was used to build the V-2, von Braun’s dream was always manned space flight. • The V-2 was a marvel of its time: - 46 feet long - Weighed 27, 000 lbs. - A sophisticated and reliable liquid fuel propellant system - Flew at speeds in excess of 3, 000 miles/hour - Could carry a warhead/payload 500 miles distant 5

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Dr. Werner von Braun (1912 -1977) • As WWII was ending von Braun and his team traveled west to meet up with Allied troops and surrendered, not wanting to be captured by advancing Soviet troops from the east. • Under Operation: Paperclip, nearly all the remaining V-2’s and their production equipment was crated up and shipped to Fort Bliss, Texas along with von Braun and his team. 4

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Dr. Werner von Braun (1912 -1977) • They continued their work in New Mexico, later moving to the Redstone Arsenal near Huntsville, Alabama. • Von Braun’s team was responsible for the Jupiter-C missile that launched America’s first satellite as well as developing the Saturn V rocket that took men to the moon. 3

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERS Dr. Werner von Braun (1912 -1977) He was always a prominent spokesman for space exploration and founded the National Space Institute public interest organization (which later merged with the L-5 Society to form the National Space Society). 2

“A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers” Questions/Comments? 1

“CAP MODEL ROCKETRY PROGRAM” Rocket Say’s: “Rockets are COOL because that’s my name!” 0