CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 14 Citizenship in

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 14 Citizenship in School u Section 1: System u Section 2: You u Section 3: Skills 1 The U. S. School The Best Education for Developing Your Life HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 1: The U. S. School System The Main Idea Education is vital to American society and to American democracy. The U. S. school system helps prepare you to be a good citizen. Reading Focus u Why is education important? u What are the levels of the U. S. school system? u What American values can be found in education, and what challenges face schools today? 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 1: The U. S. School System Americans value education: u Important for citizens’ development—learning develops the talents of the individual; access to education creates opportunity to succeed u Important for the country’s development— future depends on Americans working for the common good; education teaches citizens to contribute to society 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 1: The U. S. School System The beginning of the U. S. school system: u 1647—law passed that required almost all towns in u u 4 Massachusetts to set up public schools Thomas Jefferson believed educated citizens were essential to democracy. 1800 s—Horace Mann worked to establish public schools for all children. 1860 s—The struggle for public, tax-supported schools gained ground. High schools began to appear after the Civil War. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 1: The U. S. School System Levels of the U. S. school system: u Preschool u Kindergarten u Elementary school u Junior high school u Higher education Many jobs require college and university training; well-educated citizens often earn higher incomes. 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SECTION 1 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Question: What values guide education in the United States today? freedom for any creed or religion free public education local control American Values in Education compulsory attendance equal schooling for all enriching environment 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 2: The Best Education for You The Main Idea You can be successful in school if you are aware of the opportunities that your school has to offer and if you are prepared to take advantage of those opportunities. Reading Focus u How can being prepared for school help you be successful in school? u What are the seven goals of education? u How can extracurricular activities help you be successful in school? 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 2: The Best Education for You Seven goals of education: u Using basic learning skills u Learning to work with others u Health education u Training for your life’s work u Active citizenship u Considerate behavior u Wise use of leisure time 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 2: The Best Education for You Preparing for class work and tests: u Budget your time for studying and for tests. u Select a regular study place with space, light, and u u u 9 silence. Take notes while reading. Understand your assignment. Get the most from your textbooks. Come prepared to participate in class. Review notes and find study partners for tests. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 2: The Best Education for You Benefits of extracurricular activities: u Allow you to work with others toward a goal u Develop individual abilities and interests u Encourage self-expression u May help with college admissions and scholarships u Create opportunities to make new friends 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE SECTION 2 HOLT Question: How can a person best prepare for class work and tests? Select a quiet place to study. Take notes while you read. Keep materials you need close at hand. Make effective use of your textbook. How to Study 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 3: Developing Your Life Skills The Main Idea One of the key life skills you learn in school should be learning how to think. If you learn how to think critically, you will be able to solve many of the problems you face in school and in life. Reading Focus u How are learning and experience related? u What are the steps involved in critical thinking? u Why should you learn to think for yourself? 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 3: Developing Your Life Skills Learning and experience are related: u All learning is a result of direct observation or participation in events. u Conditioning involves motor responses and behavior resulting from an experience. u Copying others, looking, listening, and roleplaying are types of learning. u Thinking involves awareness, interpretation, and understanding of experiences. 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 3: Developing Your Life Skills Steps in thinking critically: u Define the issue u Distinguish fact from opinion u Weigh the evidence u Reach a conclusion 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 3: Developing Your Life Skills Peoples’ thinking is influenced by u families, teachers, and friends. u celebrities, mass media, and propaganda. u social and work groups. 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Section 3: Developing Your Life Skills People must think for themselves u to be objective and free of bias. u to vote wisely, understand current affairs, and solve problems. u to allow our system of government to work. 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SECTION 3 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Question: Why is it important to think for oneself, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of making certain choices? Advantages Situation: witness to stealing of a test Choice A Disadvantages Advantages Choice B Choice C Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 14 Wrap-Up 1. What are the two main reasons Americans value education? 2. Where did public schooling begin in the United States, and when did it become widespread? 3. What approaches to learning and studying will make you more successful in school? 4. How can extracurricular activities enhance your education? 5. What must a student do to develop and exercise critical thinking skills? 6. What are the benefits of thinking through problems and issues for yourself? 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON