Civics EOC Review Goals 1 3 How did

Civics EOC Review Goals 1 -3

How did geographic diversity influence the economic, political, and social life in colonial North America? Northern Colonies Mostly industry, large cities, many immigrants, ship building and fishing. Few slaves, most slaves were house slaves. Agriculture: mostly small farmers, just producing enough food to eat (subsistence farming) Middle Colonies A mixture of some small industry and agriculture. Similar crops to the southern colonies. A few large plantations. Southern Colonies Agriculture, “Cotton is King”, tobacco production, most of the population was enslaved Africans. Most of the areas were large plantations.

What role did slaves and indentured servants play in the colonies? They provided the majority of the workforce, especially at the large plantations

What is mercantilism? Theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys

Why did people from Britain come to North America? They came for various reasons The biggest reason was to make money (mercantilism), but some came for religious freedom

Where was the first British attempt at self-government in North America? Jamestown, VA 1607

What is a charter? A legal document granting land the authority to establish colonial government

How was the colony managed? It was used as a source of revenue (money) for the home country (England)

What was the name of the first representative legislature in North America? Virginia House of Burgesses

What is a compact? An agreement or contract among a group of people What did the Mayflower Compact do? Established a tradition of direct democracy

List the causes of the American Revolution Large amount of taxes the British made the colonists pay for the French and Indian War Quartering Act Tax on Tea

Define boycott: The refusal to purchase certain goods

What did the First Continental Congress do? It was the group of states that got together to send a letter to the King demanding that their rights were restored

Where were the first two battles of the American Revolution? Lexington and Concord The shot heard around the world

What information do we find in the Declaration of Independence? Preamble: all men created equal, inalienable rights: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness List of grievances to the British King

What two ideals is the US committed to achieve? Life and liberty

What was government like under the Articles of Confederation? It was a very loose alliance of states

What challenges and problems did the new states face? Taxes No army – Shays’ Rebellion

How were some of the problems solved with the Constitution? Chief Executive National Court System Established the House of Representatives and Senate w/ powers needed Compromise: way of resolving disagreements in which each side gives up something but gains something

Compare the views of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists • Supporters of the Constitution • chose this name to emphasize that the const. would create a federal system (form of government where power is divided between the national government and the states) • opposed the Constitution • believed it would take away the liberties Americans had fought to win from Great Britain

Define civil liberties: Freedom to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair legal treatment

Give some examples of rights that are protected by the Bill of Rights: Religion Speech Press Petition Assemble Rights of accused Bear arms

Compare US to other forms of government Democratic Governments Authoritarian Governments Power is held by the people, and a group of people elected by the population in a free election. Power is held by an individual or a groups not accountable to the people (i. e. . Totalitarian, dictatorship, absolute monarchy)

Key Terms Popular Sovereignty: power of the government comes from the people (we allow it to) Republic: a representative democracy where citizens choose their lawmakers Democracy: a government in which citizens hold the power to rule Bill of Rights: first 10 amendments to the constitution to protect individual rights

Three Branches of Government Legislative Branch: makes the laws, made up of Senate and House of Representatives Executive Branch: sees that laws are carried out. Headed by the President. Judicial Branch: interprets laws, includes the Supreme Court and other courts

What is the difference between expressed and implied powers? Expressed: delegated to congress, also called enumerated, are clearly written, or expressed in the Constitution Implied: powers not listed in the Constitution, but Congress has because of Elastic Clause: can stretch powers to meet new needs

How Constitution limits power Limits on Government Power What it is/How it limits Rule of Law applies to everyone, even those who govern Separation of Powers Separate the powers and assign or appoint each separate branch of government Checks and Balances Each branch of government is able to check or limit the power of the others Federal System It’s a system of limited government —a government with defined restrictions on power (national and state governments)

How do we change the Constitution? Amendment: any change to the constitution Judicial Review: power of Supreme Court to declare any federal, state, or local law unconstitutional How can the Constitution be informally changed? Decision of the US Supreme Court How many amendments? 27

Define federal system The sharing or power between the central and state government

What is the supremacy clause? The national government is the “supreme law of the land”

What was the importance of Mc. Culloch v. Maryland? Reaffirmed the supremacy clause

Where in the Constitution do we find the protection of individual rights? Bill of Rights

What rights were achieved with: 13 th Amendment Outlawed slavery 14 th Amendment Protects legal rights of freed slaves 15 th Amendment Suffrage to African Americans

What was the major issue of disagreement regarding the constitution? Whether the most power should be with the national government or state governments

What kind of government did the Federalists want? Wanted a strong central (national) government

What kind of government did the Anti-Federalists want? Wanted strong state governments

What are some services governments provide? Libraries Courthouses Schools Welfare Police Fire department Jails Hospitals Sanitation

Define revenue: The income that a government collects for public use

Types of Taxes Type of Tax What is it/Where $$ Comes From Income Tax levied on income of individuals Payroll tax Money taken directly out of your paycheck (Medicare, social security) Excise Tax laid on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of particular goods (luxury items) Estate/Gift Taxes Imposed on the assets of someone who dies Customs duties Tax on goods brought into the US from abroad, also known as tariffs

What is the largest expenditure of the federal government? Social security

What is Medicare? Medicaid? Federally administered Health Care Medicare if you’re old Medicaid if you’re younger

Give some examples of programs the federal government spends money on: National defense Foreign relations Health and education Interest on the national debt

What are the 3 branches of government in NC? Legislative Executive Judicial

What is the declaration of rights? Article 1 of NC Constitution Spells out the civil liberties and the rights of its citizens

What does the NC Constitution say the people owe first allegiance to? US Government

What do the articles do? Establishes the structure of NC government

What is a charter? Written document that grants the authority to set up a government

Branch of Gov’t Who Makes it Up What is the job Executive Branch Governor and Lieutenant and Depts Enforces laws Legislative Branch General Assembly: Senate and House of Representatives Makes the laws Judicial Branch State Supreme Court and other courts (appellate, district, superior) Interprets the laws

How can the NC constitution be changed? NC legislature has the ability to amend the Constitution

Who rules on matters affecting the state’s constitution? State Supreme Court

What issue has been of importance in the past few years that was decided by the court? Right to a sound basic education

What is meant by “equal protection of the laws”? State government must treat all citizens equally

th 14 How does the amendment restrict the actions of states? Cannot deprive citizens of equal protection under the laws

What power did the governor of NC not have before 1996? Veto power

Veto is an example of…. Checks and balances

What are the sources of tax money for the state of North Carolina and local governments? Intergovernmental revenue: money one level receives from another Property tax Sales tax

Name one way state and local governments use to pay for major projects Bonds Contributions from retirement plans

Services provided by state and local governments: Entitlement programs Protection Water Sewage Sanitation

What is an appropriations bill? Legislation earmarking funds for a certain purpose