CITY SANITATION PLANSINNAR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM PAS PROJECT

CITY SANITATION PLANSINNAR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

CONTENTS SECTION I: OVERVIEW AND CONTEXT SETTING INTRODUCTION LOCATION AND REGIONAL SETTING DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS AND SLUM PROFILE CONTEXT OF WATER SUPPLY IN SINNAR SECTION II: SECTORAL ANALYSIS AND PLAN PROPOSALS ACCESS TO SANITATION FACILITY (TOILETS) – HOUSEHOLD, COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC SANITATION FACILITIES WASTEWATER, SEPTAGE AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTION III: MUNICIPAL FINANCE ANALYSIS FINANCING PLAN SECTION IV: SUMMARY AND FINANCING ALTERNATIVES PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

SECTION I: OVERVIEW CONTEXT SETTING Ø INTRODUCTION Ø LOCATION AND REGIONAL SETTING Ø DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE Ø CITY ECOLOGY Ø CONTEXT OF WATER SUPPLY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

INTRODUCTION TO SINNAR • The earliest historical mention of Sinnar appears to be Sindiner in a copper -plate grant of 1069 A. D. • In 17 th century, it became the headquarters of the Chief Officer of the Emperor of Delhi • Sinnar appears in Maratha records as the headquarters of a sub-division in the district of Sangamner with an yearly revenue of about Rs. 29, 000 CITY Civic status Area Location Number of wards Connectivity LOCATION AND REGIONAL SETTING SINNAR DISTRICT SINNAR Nagar Parishad Class C 51. 4 sq. kms Latitude 19° 51′N and Longitude 74° 00′E 6 Prabhags/23 wards Nashik road Railway station- 21 km Biggest industrial estate 174 medium and large industrial units in Asia employing 75, 834 people. (Source: Nasik District Profile) DEMOGRAPHY POPULATION Population in Numbers 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 150000 Projected Population 100000 50000 0 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2012 2021 2028 2031 204 Projected Population 66676 68170 81388 95041 101573 126763 1425 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS AND SLUM PROFILE Administrative details Slum profile Sr. No Slum name Slum HHs No. of seats population 1 Makadwadi, waiduwadi, Joshiwadi, Bhairavnathnagar 1405 611 57 2 Talwadi 930 186 16 3 Devi road 490 98 -- 4 Bhoigalli 260 50 27 5 Tambeshwar nagar 395 79 14 6 Apnagarage 960 192 20 7 Satpirbhilati 170 34 -- 8 Indiranagar 835 167 30 Area of Sinnar extended from about 5 sq km to 51 sq km Prabhag no. Area (in sq. km. ) Population (2011) No. of Households 1 12. 1 10943 2377 2 7. 4 12211 2406 3 2. 77 6579 2003 4 10. 1 13659 2414 5 2. 7 6373 1939 6 16. 33 15486 1973 51. 4 65251 13112 Prabhag no. 3 and 5 are dense occupied prabhags (Gaothan area) 8 slum pockets constituting about 10% of the total population PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

WATER SUPPLY IN CONTEXT OF SINNAR 4. 77 MLD Demand (MLD) 6. 5 MLD Litres per capita per day (LPCD) 64. 59 Supply (MLD) Only 71. 54 lpcd of water supply Only 41. 20% coverage of water supply connections 60. 0 40. 0 20. 0 COST RECOVERY FROM WATER SUPPLY SERVICES 60. 0 40. 0 20. 0 Series 1 FY 20082009 48. 9 FY 2009 -2010 FY 2010 -2011 FY 2011 -2012 38. 7 QUANTITY OF WATER SUPPLY (IN LPCD) Per capita supply of water in lpcd Cost recovery in % Coverage of water supply in % COVERAGE OF WATER SUPPLY 40. 2 2009 -10 44. 8 2010 -11 42. 1 2011 -12 28. 5 KEY ISSUES IN WATER SUPPLY SERVICES 50. 00 Series 1 41. 2 100. 00 0. 0 2008 -09 83. 18 2009 -10 69. 44 2010 -11 68. 37 • Low per capita water supply (64. 59 lpcd). • Low coverage of water supply connections is 41. 20% (as per PAS data) • Low collection efficiency of water supply related charges is 21. 66% (as per PAS data) 2011 -12 64. 59 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

SECTION II : SECTORAL ANALYSIS AND PLAN PROPOSAL Ø ACCESS TO SANITATION FACILITY (TOILETS) - HOUSEHOLD COMMUNITY AND - PUBLIC SANITATION FACILITIES Ø WASTEWATER, SEPTAGE AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT Ø SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

SANITATION-USERINTERFACE-COLLECITON-CONVEYNACE-TREATMENT-DISPOSAL SANITATION VALUE CHAIN KEY ISSUES User interface Collection Conveyance Treatment Reuse /Disposal Pour flush latrine Existing Pit and Septic tank with drain field Open / covered drains Into river or natural drain No conveyance system in new developments Into river or natural drain No Periodical Sludge removal from tanks/ pits Dumping along with solid waste SANITATION COVERAGE 63% coverage of household level sanitation Latrine facility within Total residential households 13, 112 13% the premises (%) Lack of technical design and periodic maintenance of septic tanks Households having individual toilets 8, 243 Public latrine (%) 24% Households relying on community toilets 3211 63% Open Defecation (%) Households practising Open defecation 1, 658 Source: CENSUS OF INDIA DISPOSAL AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL Toilets with septic tanks 14% 12% 74% Toilets having pits Total residential properties 13, 112 Households having individual toilets 8, 243 Toilets with septic tanks 6, 091 Toilets having pits 1, 126 § Lack of technical design of septic tank affects primary treatment § No periodical removal of fecal sludge from the septic tanks or pits. Common practice of empting septic tank only when it is choked § Lack of knowledge about functioning of septic tanks among the citizen leads to irregular maintenance § Only 1 JCB machine available with ULB, which is used for cleaning of septic tanks and sludge removal with a charge of Rs. 500 per tank. It proves insufficient for Sinnar (about 2% of septic tanks cleaned annually) § No scientific treatment for sludge dumped on existing dumping ground Toilets having other type of disposal 1, 026 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

COMMUNITY LEVEL SANITATION CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY TOILET BLOCKS Prabh ag No. of Blocks No. of seats Seats for Men Seats for Women No. of functional seats Indira Nagar 5 2 30 10 20 10 Bhairavnath 1 1 18 9 9 18 5 1 14 7 7 10 Makad wadi 1 1 25 8 17 20 Apana Garage 5 1 20 10 10 15 Bhoi Galli 1 1 27 12 15 27 Waidu Wadi 1 1 14 7 7 10 Talwadi 4 1 16 6 10 164 69 95 126 Name of Slum Nagar Tambeshwar Nagar Total EXISTING WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES User interface Collection Conveyance Treatment Reuse /Disposal Pour Flush Septic Tank Open Drain/Nalla No Secondary treatment -- OBSERVATIONS Absence of regular maintenance of toilet blocks Overall, 80% of the toilet seats are functional Ruptured septic tanks results into poor primary treatment Absolute lack of management and maintenance Vicious Cycle of degraded environment of toilets developed Ruptured treatment facility leading to unhygienic environment of the toilet block PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

PUBLIC LEVEL SANITATION OBSERVATION/KEY ISSUES PUBLIC AREAS LOCATION OF PUBLIC TOILETS Commercial and market areas • Lacking in periodical cleaning • Most of the toilet blocks are not functional • Lack of awareness about using the public level sanitation School and Colleges • All the schools having toilet block with adequate seats • Periodically maintained and cleaned Government institutes • Grossly lack inadequate toilet seats Sr. Name of Location no. Seats for Men Seats for Women Availability of water & Electricity O&M by No. of users/ day No ULB 50 -60 No ULB 60 -70 No ULB 80 -120 Available ULB 350 -400 Available ULB 50 -75 6 Govt. Hospital 7 2 6+6 1+1 Available Lack of infrastructure make toilet blocks defunct ULB 900 -1000 1 Nehru Chowk 6 6 2 Market nr. Nagar Parishad 8 8 3 Police Station 4 Tehsil Office Urinals Bath 6+0 2 1 6 30+0 5 Govt. Hospital 2 2 10+0 Lack of periodic cleaning of toilet blocks Total 11 204 91 113 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

SANITATION (in SLUMS)-USER INTERFACE-COLLECITON-CONVEYNACE-TREATMENT-DISPOSAL SANITATION COVERAGE Household practicing OD 970* . . . Ta m be i ad lw Ta Sa tp hi r. . . u. a. oi g Bh G. 100 Ap na No. of functional seats in CTS id 160 (12 blocks) Va 2815 . . No. of seats in CTS 23 i In ro. . di. ra n. . . Household relying on CTs 2838 ev Slum households with HH toilet Sanitation Practices in Slums (%) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 D Slum households Nos . . Details Community Toilets COMMUNITY TOILET BLOCKS IN SLUMS Sr. no. Name of Slum Prabhag No. of Blocks No. of seats Seats for Men Seats for Women No. of functional seats O&M Type of Toilet Disposal 1 Indira Nagar 5 2 30 10 20 10 ULB Septic Tank 2 Bhairavnath Nagar 1 1 18 9 9 18 ULB Septic Tank 3 Tambeshwar Nagar 5 1 14 7 7 10 ULB Septic Tank 4 Makad wadi 1 1 25 8 17 20 ULB Septic Tank Only 0. 8% coverage of HH level sanitation in slums 6 Bhoi Galli 1 1 27 12 5 Apana Garage 5 1 20 10 10 15 ULB Septic Tank 15 27 ULB Septic Tank 7 Waidu Wadi 1 1 14 7 42% (primary survey) slum households practice OD 7 10 ULB Septic Tank 8 ULB Septic Tank Talwadi 4 1 16 6 10 164 69 95 126 No sanitation facility in Devi road and Satpirbhilati slum Total PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

PROPOSED STRATEGIES - SANITATION Priority is to reduce Open Defecation immediately Provide 100% Household Sanitation Coverage Step 1 Short term Promote household level sanitation through IEC activity Upgrade status of community toilets Introduce O&M of CTs on pilot basis through involvement of local CBOs/NGOs Rehabilitation of existing public toilet blocks Step 2 Mid term Achieve 100% household level sanitation Step 3 Long term Dispose off the dependency on all the community toilets Improve O&M through involving CBOs or private operators Convert community toilets in market area in public toilets with introduction of outsourcing of O&M to private contractor and levy user charges Up grading from pits to septic tanks and refurbishment of septic tanks and provision of soak pits PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

COMMUNITY TOILETS ` Adequacy of Seats as per norm on-site collection Doors Water supply Electricity/ lighting Hygiene level BEFORE REFURBISHMENT AFTER REFURBISHMENT No provision for children and physically challenged users Providing seats for children and physically challenged users Ruptured septic tanks with no proper functioning Improved septic tanks connected to conveyance system In broken condition/absent in some toilets Providing proper door fixtures Overhead tank and other fixtures not in working condition Refurbishing existing water tank and replacing exiting fixtures Not available Providing light fittings in each toilet The toilet is in dilapidated condition. All the seats are defunct. O&M is an issue Improving campus/surrounding area of the toilet block. REHABILITATION AND UPGRADATION OF THE COMMUNITY TOILET Community level sanitation Very bad condition Lacks in infrastructure Poor operation and maintenance Absence of platform between community and Local Body • High open defecation practices • No space available for the construction of individual toilet • • Seats in community block – Indiranagar 10 for male and 20 for female Seats in community block – Apana garage 10 for male and 10 for female Seats in community block – Tambeshwar Nagar 7 for male and 7 for female Cost of rehabilitation of community blocks Introducing O&M Letting out day to day maintenance of block to community with Rs. 5, 000/ month Rs. 4. 50 lakhs Rs. 15, 000/ month PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

SUMMARY OF SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS SHORT TERM MID/ LONG TERM Household Level Sanitation facility Support action - Promoting household level sanitation through IEC activity IEC cost New infrastructure – Initiating pilot HH sanitation Rs. 0. 15 crore Improvement in existing status Ensure on-site primary treatment as septic tank with regular cleaning New infrastructure/ support action Promoting household sanitation to achieve its maximum coverage Rs. 4. 22 crore Support action Enforcing laws to eliminate open defecation practices Community Level Sanitation facility Improvement in existing status Refurbishing existing Community Toilets (CTs) Rs. 0. 18 crore New infrastructure - Providing community toilet in Satpirbhilati slum Rs. 0. 05 crore In long run, it is aimed at developing the household sanitation facility to reduce the dependency on the community level facilities Public Level Sanitation facility Improvement in exiting status - Refurbishing existing public toilet blocks near market area Rs. 0. 06 crore New infrastructure - Proposal of new toilet blocks in Tehsildar office Rs. 0. 05 crore Improvement in exiting status – Initiate outsourcing of O&M to private operator for one block Improvement in existing status/ Support action Initiating new models for public toilets Since, dependency on community toilets will reduce, few of them can be used as public toilet blocks Rs. 5000 pm PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

ACCESS TO TOILET FACILITY Providing HH sanitation in slums (2869 HH – OD and reliance on CT) Rs. 4. 30 lakhs Construction of public toilet block at Tehsildar office premises Rs. 5. 00 lakhs Upgrading infrastructure of existing public toilet blocks Rs. 0. 06 crore Providing new toilet block in Satpirbhilati slum Rs. 0. 05 crore Upgrading Community Toilet Blocks with improved infrastructure and onsite collection-treatment Rs. 0. 15 crore PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

GREY AND BLACK WATER DISPOSAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT VALUE CHAIN Observation/Key issues Kitchen Bathrooms Open / covered drains CONVEYANCE SYSTEMS N as Lack in technical designs of conveyance system and relies on open drain channels along the streets § No separate system of grey and black water. Both are discharged into open drain channels along streets. Into natural drain/ river No treatment Domestic washing activities To § hi k 23% Vijaynagar 46% 31% Sharadwadi Old town Closed drainage (%) Open drainage (%) No drainage (%) Pu S d( oa R ne Areas having conveyance system (open/closed drains) Areas lacking in conveyance system H 4 Domestic water discharged into River Saraswati without treatment 5) Slums Disposal of solid waste into Nallas results in clogging of drains § Lack of conveyance system for newly developing areas (southern to river) § No treatment facility for domestic wastewater § Disposal of solid waste into Nallas leads to water clogging § Lack of implementation and enforcement of building bye-laws Central town area having considerable network of road side drains No conveyance system for newly developed areas New development on east and west of the town grossly lack in any conveyance system All the domestic wastewater discharged into Saraswati River PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

SANITATION ZONES Topography and existing natural drainage § An approach to develop sanitation zones or clusters is adapted in order to analyse the liquid waste management in more spatial context Zone 4 Zone 1 Zone 5 §Natural drainage pattern is an important aspect that affects wastewater management practices Zone 3 Zone 2 §The map clearly shows that Zone 1, 5, 6, 7 have least habitation and most of the area is earmarked for agricultural use. Zones 2, 3 and 4 show habitation and in future major growth is expected to occur in zone 3 and 4 Zone 6 Zone 7 §The clusters show homogeneity of urban development characteristics, housing typology and street pattern, topography and flow direction of the water Year wise population and wastewater generation in respective years Zone 1 Year 2012 WW generation in MLD Year 2013 WW generation in MLD Year 2025 WW generation in MLD Year 2043 WW generation in MLD -- -- 2 19575 1. 01 20451 2. 20 28512 3. 07 42750 4. 61 3 26100 1. 35 27268 2. 94 38016 4. 10 57000 6. 15 4 19575 1. 01 20451 2. 20 28512 3. 07 42750 4. 61 5 -- -- 6 -- -- 7 -- -- PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

WASTEWATER – LABORATORICAL TESTING Wastewater sampling 4 6 1 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3 5 Khasdar pool (drainage outlet) Bazar pool (river) Indira nagar (open drain) Talwadi (septic tank) Vanjar galli (open drain) Sample Location BOD, mg/l Permissible Limits 30 150 6. 5 -8. 5 222 360 186 6. 9 198 310 263 7 3. Open Drain – Indira Nagar 375 610 274 6. 8 4. Septic Tank- Talwadi 360 540 249 7. 4 5. Open Drain- Vanjar Galli 228 340 194 6. 9 1. Drainage Outlet - Khasdar Pool 2. River Water Near Bazar Pool COD, mg/l TSS, mg/l p. H

GREY WATER DISPOSAL Direct discharge of grey water from kitchen and bathroom into open drains

USER INTERFACE COLLECTION/ STORAGE CONVEYANCE TREATMENT/DISPOSAL

USER INTERFACE COLLECTION/STORAGE CONVEYANCE TREATMENT/DISPOSAL

River stream Untreated wastewater discharged in river CONVEYANCE THROUGH NATURAL DRAINS

CONVEYANCE THROUGH RIVER SARASWATI

CONVEYANCE THROUGH RIVER SARASWATI

PROPOSED STRATEGIES FOR THE CONVEYANCE SYSTEM Old Town Area New Development Area Slum Area PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

PROPOSED STRATEGIES FOR THE CONVEYANCE SYSTEM Old Town Area • • • New Development Area Organic development with high density areas Narrow Streets Good Coverage of Open drains along streets Lack of designed network for wastewater conveyance Solid waste – Major problem in safe conveyance of wastewater Rehabilitation of existing drains - Cleaning and channelising of existing drain channels - Closing of drains with concrete covers - Developing network of drain channels • Plotted Layout with well developed road pattern • No existing conveyance system • Septic tanks available as on-site collection and primary treatment means Possibility to explore technological options for conveyance of solid free sewer Develop neighborhood area conveyance system Exploring options of DEWATS Treatment PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT – SETTLED + CONVENTIONAL SEWER Rehabilitation of existing drains Rs. 5. 32 crore Upgrading existing conveyance system to settled sewer system Rs. 5. 40 crore For newly developed area Initiating UGD Rs. 23. 70 crore OR settled sewer Rs. 7. 80 crore Intercepting sewer along river Rs. 10. 00 crore PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

ON-SITE SANITATION SYSTEM User interface Collection Conveyance Septic tank Vacuum suction Effluent disposed through soak pit emptier trucks/trolley To achieve. . . Universal Access to toilets Universal access to improved septic tanks & soak pits Treatment Centralised or decentralised fecal sludge treatment facility Safe conveyance of septage for treatment/reuse Adequate treatment of septage Provision of adequate number of vacuum suction emptier trucks and a regulated service Provision of treatment facility like sludge drying beds for collected septage Possibility of outsourcing services to private sector Decentralised treatment sites to reduce transportation cost Reuse/disposal Reuse for industrial /agriculture/ energy conversion Economic revenue from reuse of treated septage By what means. . . Individual toilet Community toilet Public toilet Bathrooms New/refurbishment of septic tanks Connection of septic tank and grey water to household/ community level soak pits Possibility of DEWATS Revenue from sale of treated septage for agriculture purpose or conversion to energy PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

POSSIBLE LAYOUT OF SOAK PITS AT HOUSEHOLD/FACILITY LEVEL As per CPHEEO Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment, May 2012 IS : 2470 (Part I & II), 1985 on Code of Practice for Installation of Septic Tank Septic tanks connected to drains Septic tanks connected to soak pits HH toilet • The effluent from septic tank can be disposed off in Soak Pits or dispersion trenches depending on groundwater table, soil percolation rate and distance from water sources and surrounding buildings • “Soak pits or dispersion trenches can be adopted in all porous soils where soak percolation rate is below 25 minutes per cm and the depth of water table is 2 m or more from the ground level”. Pg 9 -22, CPHEEO Manual Community toilet Location of soak pits PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

POSSIBLE LAYOUT OF SOAK PITS AT COMMUNITY LEVEL Ward 12 Legend Soak Pit location Area served per Soak pit For dense areas, community level soak pits can also be done – location responsive to terrain and availability of open area Leads to reduction of cost PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

EXPLORING A CITYWIDE OSS PROPOSAL User Interface Collection Conveyance Universal access Safe conveyance Universal access to improved of septage for to toilets septic tanks and treatment/reuse soak pits Up-gradation New individual (2152) and (2, 913) , community refurbishment (1 block) , public Additional emptier (3, 046) of nontoilets (1 block) and trucks (4) functional septic refurbishment of with linked service tanks community (11 blocks), public New soak pits toilets (2 blocks) Treatment Reuse / disposal Adequate treatment of septage Economic revenue from treated septage Treatment of fecal sludge (6, 520 sq mt) Income through sale of compost (3, 008 tonne/year sold at Rs. 500/ tonne) or for energy (9, 920) Promotion programme for use of toilets, ‘septic tank conversion’ and ongoing regulatory monitoring Rs. 5. 0 crore Rs. 5. 6 crore Rs. 0. 4 crore Rs. 0. 1 Crore Public funds (subsidy), micro credit, PPP Public funds (subsidy), micro credit, household own funds Public funds, PPP, private entrepreneur Business model for community/public toilets, explore microcredit options __ Crore Public funds, PPP, private entrepreneur Develop separate or integrated business models for septic tank emptying, treatment and explore option for reuse or energy conversion PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT – ON-SITE SANITATION OPTION Decentralised Fecal sludge treatment facility PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

PROPOSED WASTEWATER VALUE CHAIN PROPOSED VALUE CHAIN Option 1 - Sewer Network User interface Collection Conveyance Treatment Disposal Toilets Septic tank Open/ closed drains No treatment River/ lake Conventional STP Agriculture use/ river Old town area Rehabilitation of drains Or Settled Sewer New Areas Toilets UGD or settled sewer Intercepting sewer Option 2 – On-site Sanitation (FSM) option Old and New town area User interface Collection Conveyance Treatment Disposal Toilets Septic tank No conveyance No treatment River/ Open plots Only effluent Soak Pit Septage Vacuum suction emptier trucks Fecal sludge treatment Facility Reuse for agriculture/energy conversion PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

COMPARISON OF WASTEWATER OPTIONS Aspects Description of Option OPTION 1 OPTION 2 Settled Sewer in Old town + Conventional Sewer in Newly developing Areas On-site Sanitation System Financial Aspects Capital Costs O & M Costs (average/ annum) Rs. 80. 3 crore Rs. 8. 2 crore Rs. 1. 9 crore Rs. 0. 1 crore 8 Years 6 Years Revenues (average/ annum) Project Period Sanitation Score Access Waste management Both options will have the same outcomes as per NUSP “Universal Access to All and 100 % Sanitised City” Other Consideration Institutional Flexibility Funding options Other parameters Required technical knowledge for implementation and operation of this project Extension of conventional sewer to new areas is difficult and expensive Can be easily extended to new areas, possibility of DEWATS in some areas Grants funding is essential Can be funded from ULB funds Appropriate design essential Need to assess soil permeability and water table levels for this proposal PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT COLLECTION OF WASTE 60% PAS data Household level Daily collection Door to door collection No regularity in collection Collection from bins 80% of collection No segregation @ HH level Dumping ground No regularity in collection Dumping along natural drains and river Dumping ground COLLECTION OF WASTE- INFRASTRUCTURE SR. NO VEHICLE TYPE NO. CAPACITY TRIPS/DAY OPERATED BY TOTAL WASTE COLLECTED 01 TRACTOR TRAILER 1 2 MT 1 ULB 2 02 TRACTOR TRAILER 1 2 MT As required (1) Contractor -- 03 TEMPO FOR DOOR TO DOOR COLLECTION (GHANTAGADI) 3 2 MT 1 ULB 6 04 3 WHEELER AUTO TIPPER (APE) 1 1 MT 2 ULB 2 TOTAL WASTE COLLECTED 10 MT/ Day PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Collection Transportation Treatment Key issues Reuse /Disposal Residential Areas Collection and Transportation 60% coverage by Ghantagadi Managed by ULB and contractor Local Authority (ULB) Dumping on existing landfill site without any treatment 60% Coverage of D to D by ghantagadis Inadequate waste bins Collecting waste in waste bins which are cleaned by dumper placers managed by ULB Infrastructure developed for segregation however not in use New developments not covered daily due to limited human resources and vehicles Non residential Areas No periodical emptying and transportation of waste. Inadequate number of bins in public areas Dumping on existing landfill site without any treatment No Treatment No periodical cleaning of waste bins resulting into open dumping practices No segregation-treatment-recycling/disposal practices Street Sweeping Dumping on existing Collecting waste in waste bins which are cleaned Land available but no scientific disposal adapted landfill site without any by dumper placers managed by ULB treatment No Treatment No provision of litterbins for street sweeping. Considerable waste goes in open drains No Treatment Inadequate infrastructure and lack of periodical cleaning resulting in efficiency of drains No periodical cleaning of nallas/roadside drains Nalla/Drain Cleaning Inadequate number of vehicles for SW collection Collecting waste in waste bins which are cleaned by dumper placers managed by ULB Dumping on existing landfill site without any treatment PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

PROPOSED STRATEGIES FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Level of Intervention Collection and transportation Sector Strategy Pilot Short term Mid term Long term Rationalisation of routes of vehicles used for door to door collection to achieve maximum collection and transportation of solid waste Replacing existing bins with 30 waste bin containers of 1 MT capacity Augmenting 3 new vehicles of similar capacity for door to door collection Augmentation of coverage from 60% to 100% to cover slums and newly developed areas Treatment and Disposal Implement user charges for SWM towards achieving O&M cost recovery Initiating maximum segregation by involving rag pickers through IEC activity Developing a regional approach PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

PROPOSED STRATEGIES FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Current status 1 Collection Only 60% coverage No segregation of waste at household level Slum areas and few newly developed areas are not included in Door to Door collection Irregular emptying of bins and transportation of waste Transportation Inadequate infrastructure for collection adding to increased trip generation and adding load on existing service level No periodical nalla cleaning due to inadequate human resource and vehicles No appropriate model for collection of solid waste Nature of actions needed Collection and transportation a) Residential Area Increase coverage of D 2 D service to 100% Augmenting vehicles Continuing with present model of door to door collection by private operator (Infrastructure is provided by ULB and service is provided by private operator) and increase the coverage Rationalisation of Ghantagadi routes a) Non-residential area Initiating model as a pilot for central commercial area near mandi for collection of solid waste a) Nalla Cleaning Regular cleaning of Nallas by hiring more workers on contract basis Timeframe of actions Short term 2013 -2015 To Mid term 2013 -2028 Maximum door to door collection from residential areas Regular collection of waste from market and other commercial areas Short term 2013 -2015 Midterm 2013 -2028 Improving D to D coverage from 60% up to 100% 2 Expected outcomes Segregation of waste Long term Segregation Since ULB has limited human resource, the 2013 -2043 No segregation of the waste at source is done segregation of bio-degradable waste and recyclable material, inert material through involvement of private contractor and informal groups as rag pickers etc. Initiating IEC activity for segregation of waste Maximum segregation of waste Long term 2013 -2015 Achieving improved appropriate treatment in regional context Augmenting no. of vehicles Periodical cleaning of nallas 3 Treatment Lack of scientific method of disposing the waste. Developing a regional approach-Implement user charges for SWM towards achieving O&M cost recovery Demonstrating user fee basis model in market areas by CBOs/SHGs Can rag pickers be involved in segregation practices? PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

SANITATION PROPOSAL User interface Collection Conveyance Treatment Reuse/disposal Access to toilets and Waste Water Proposal Provision of CT block in Satpirbhilati Slum (Rs. 0. 05 crore) Refurbishment of all CTs in slum areas (Rs. 0. 15 crore) Provision of individual toilets in slum areas – Mid to Long term (Rs. 4. 15 crore) Provision of new public toilets at Tehsildar office (Rs. 0. 05 crore) Refurbishment of existing PTs (Rs. 0. 06 crore) Initiate outsourcing of O&M to private operator of CTs and PTs (Rs. 5, 000 pm O&M cost) Identify new models PTs and exploring CSR options for Public Toilet blocks IEC campaigns Rehabilitation and closing of drains (Rs. 5. 32 crore) Initiating Settled Sewer Network in old town areas (Rs. 5. 40 crore) Initiating Underground Sewer Network in newly developing areas (Rs. 23. 70 crore) Interceptor Sewer along river bank connecting to treatment plant (Rs. 10 crore) Centralised Treatment Facility as Activated sludge process (ASP) (Rs. 15 crore) Reuse for Agriculture and Irrigation Purposes Rs. 64. 03 crore Individual toilets on pilot basis in Devi slum (Rs. 0. 15 crore) Introduce Integrated Contracts for SWM and drain cleaning Empanel emptying providers septic tank service Increasing Door – Door collection of Waste in Slums and Newly developing areas (Rs. 0. 72 crore) Initiating model as a pilot for commercial area near mandi for collection of solid waste (Rs. 0. 05 crore) IEC campaigns Augmentation of vehicles (Rs. 0. 64 crore) Developing regional approach for treatment and landfill site Rs. 1. 41 crore Solid Waste Management PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

POST IMPLICATIONS OF CITY SANITATION PLAN PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

POST CSP SCENARIO PROJECTS INITIATED Community level Sanitation Augmentation of infrastructure in Community Blocks Outsourcing of the Community Blocks for O&M Wastewater Management Periodical cleaning of nallas DPR prepared for Sharadwadi area for conveyance system Initiating survey of detail condition assessment of existing open drains in old town area Solid Waste Management Coverage of Door to Door collection system is augmented Purchased three vehicles for door to door collection Rationalisation of Ghantagadi routes using GPS enabled tracking device PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

POST CSP SCENARIO PROJECTS INITIATED - Rationalisation of routes of Ghantagadis and implementation of vehicle tracking system Coverage of Ghantagadi Number of HH 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 512, 25. 93% 1464 74. 09% Total households uncovered Total households PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

POST CSP SCENARIO PROJECTS INITIATED – Rationalisation of routes of Ghantagadis and implementation of vehicle tracking system PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

POST CSP SCENARIO PROJECTS INITIATED – Rationalisation of routes of Ghantagadis Coverage of Ghantagadi N 25. 93 Households covered by ghantagadi 74. 09 Total households covered Total households uncovered Households not covered by ghantagadi Ghantagadi route for Sharadwadi area PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (PAS) PROJECT MICRO CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE (INDIA) LIMITED

SINNAR: MUNICIPAL FINANCE ASSESSMENT Summary of finances after recasting Rs. in crore 2006 Items Actual 1. 77 Opening Balance Revenue Account Revenue Receipts 4. 11 Revenue Expenditure 3. 54 Operating ratio 0. 86 Capital Account Capital Receipts 1. 11 Capital Expenditure 2. 36 Capital Utilisation 2. 13 Extra-ordinary Account Extraordinary Receipts 1. 02 Extraordinary Expenditure 0. 94 Summary Total Receipts 6. 24 Total Expenditure 6. 85 2007 Actual 2. 37 4. 54 4. 11 0. 90 1. 62 1. 85 1. 14 0. 71 0. 40 6. 87 6. 36 2008 Actual 3. 27 4. 28 4. 26 0. 99 2. 19 1. 99 0. 91 0. 75 0. 62 7. 23 6. 88 2009 Actual 2. 38 4. 62 4. 24 0. 92 0. 62 1. 97 3. 17 0. 50 0. 37 5. 74 6. 59 2010 Actual 3. 61 4. 29 6. 31 1. 47 0. 82 2. 03 2. 46 0. 68 0. 50 5. 80 8. 83 2011 RE 2. 69 8. 07 7. 45 0. 92 4. 42 7. 63 1. 73 1. 23 0. 88 13. 72 15. 96 The overall municipal expenses have increases from Rs. 6. 9 crore in 2006 -07 to Rs. 8. 8 crore in 2010 -11 recording a CAGR of 6. 6% On the contrary, overall receipts have decreased from Rs. 6. 2 crore in 2006 -07 to Rs. 5. 8 crore in 2010 -2011, after touching a high of Rs. 7. 2 crore in 2008 -09 (CAGR of -1. 8%)

SINNAR: O&M EXPENSES Sources of Revenue Ø Property and water taxes are the major taxes levied by SNP 28% Own Sources Tax revenue 47% Own Sources Non-tax revenue Grants-contribution Ø Major grants include NP assistance grant, DA grant, entertainment tax grant, MP fund etc. Ø Other sources include rents from properties, service charges, license fees etc. 25% Almost all the capital works are carried out from grants Revenue Expenditures General administration department 20% Ø 47% of revenue expenses are towards public health of which water supply and sanitation is a part 28% Social security 0% 1% Public Health and Welfare Ø 42% of overall revenue expenses are towards permanent establishments 4% Education Contributions 47% Other departments

SINNAR: WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION (WSS) FINANCES Contribution to Receipts WSS 9% Others 91% Ø While WSS contributes 36% to the total revenue expenses, it contributes only 9% to revenue receipts Ø Water tax (Rs. 960 per annum) and special conservancy tax are the major own sources in the sector Ø Low collection efficiency of water tax (43% against 80% for property tax) hampers water supply and sanitation cost recovery (15%) Ø 33% of WSS expenses are towards establishments Contribution to Expenses Ø 43% of expenses in water supply are towards bulk water. The budget has no separate item for electricity Ø Per capita expenses towards O&M of WSS are Rs. 444 against Rs. 926 suggested by High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC), 2011 WSS 36% Others 64%

FORECASTING OF MUNICIPAL FINANCES The Revenue expenses will Ø grow at CAGR of 6. 3% , Ø while the revenue receipts Ø at 4. 8% Past trends Future projections 1. Financing Plan for Sinnar CSP is prepared for three scenarios The budget size will grow to Rs. 33 crore by 2022 at a CAGR of nearly 12% from the last actual figure The revenue receipts will grow to around Rs. 17. 5 crore against expenses of Rs. 12. 5 crore in 2022 The revenue surplus is projected to be around Rs. 3. 7 crore after covering water supply and sanitation deficit of Rs. 3. 6 crore ‘Business as Usual’ with committed MSNA Programme 2. Full CSP (+MSNA Programme) 3. Comparison of wastewater systems – a) Underground sewerage system (USS) b) On-site sanitation system (OSS)

I) BUSINESS AS USUAL – MSNA PROGRAMME Water supply augmentation project under MSNA programme The execution of project has been proposed between 2014– 2016 since tendering process has already started Project cost Rs. 13 crore State government share – 90% Rs. 11. 5 crore ULB share – 10% Rs. 1. 5 crore Year -wise Capex required. Additional O&M and revenue expected to be generated Impact of MSNA Programme on the Revenue Account of Sinnar Revenue account will continue to show surplus after the MSNA Programme is implemented

II) FULL CSP (INCLUDING TOILETS, WASTEWATER, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER SUPLY, MSNA PROGRAMME) - 1 Water supply Ø WS augmentation – MSNA Ø Slum infrastructure Ø Energy audit Wastewater Ø Refurbish septic tanks Ø Community and public toilets Ø Individual toilet provision Ø Sewerage network Ø Settled sewer Ø Suction emptier trucks Ø Interceptor sewer Ø Wastewater treatment facility Ø Storm water drains Ø IEC campaign Solid waste Ø Collection bins Ø Private contract for D 2 D SW collection Ø New vehicles for SW transportation Ø IEC campaign

II) FULL CSP (INCLUDING TOILETS, WASTEWATER, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER SUPLY, MSNA PROGRAMME) – 2 Revenue Income and Expenditure Deficit in Revenue Account with implementation of ‘Full CSP’ Surplus/(Deficit) of Revenue Account

II) FULL CSP (INCLUDING TOILETS, WASTEWATER, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER SUPLY, MSNA PROGRAMME) – 3 Water Supply and Sanitation Operating plan Increment in tariff required to sustain operating costs Property tax, water supply tax, waste water tax and solid waste charges Water Supply and Sanitation Capital plan Grants of around Rs. 85 crore is required to implement all the proposals of CSP

III) COMPARING WASTEWATER (WITH TOILETS) PROPOSALS - 1 COMPARISON OF COSTS FOR WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGIES a) Underground Sewerage System b) On-site Sanitation System Status of Revenue Account

III) COMPARING WASTEWATER (WITH TOILETS) PROPOSALS - 2 a) Underground Sewerage System ~ Rs. 2. 2 crore/annum operating expenditure Rs. 98. 0 crore Capital expenditure requirement b) On-site sanitation system ~ Rs. 0. 3 crore/annum operating expenditure Rs. 21. 0 crore Capital expenditure requirement

SUMMARY OF FINANCING PLAN Operating Finances Capital Finances CSP options ULB funds Grants I) Business as Usual (BAU) with MSNA Programme II) Full CSP Proposal with MSNA Programme Average per annum (Rs. in crore) Sources of funds (Rs. in crore) Private (HHs, Total PPP, micro Capex -credit) Tariff increase required Base tariff = Additional Rs. 1, 568/HH/ Opex Revenue annum Internal funds Debt 13. 30 1. 30 - - 14. 60 0. 20 0. 40 Rs. 1, 738 83. 50 10. 30 14. 70 2. 20 110. 70 3. 90 1. 70 Rs. 5, 845 Rs. 2, 475 (11%) (273%) III) Comparing Wastewater Technology options A. Underground Sewerage System B. On-site Sanitation System 83. 50 13. 80 - 0. 85 98. 15 2. 20 1. 50 13. 30 6. 23 - 1. 81 21. 34 0. 30 1. 70 (58%) -

ASSUMPTIONS FOR CSP ACTIONS CSP Actions - SINNAR Capital cost assumption (All costs in Rs. in crore) Wastewater actions Unit costs Capex New sewerage network in newly developing areas (112. 5 km) (1. 5% DPR cost added) Household cost for connecting to sewerage network (7, 500 connections) Settled sewer in old city area (51. 51 km) Interceptor sewer along river Upgradation of open drains to closed drains (51. 51 km) Rs. 2, 000/ connection Rs. 10. 41 lakhs/km Rs. 10. 30 lakhs/km Construction of covered drains in unserved areas (112. 5 km) Rs. 16. 00 lakhs/km Rs. 21. 07 lakhs/km 24. 00 5% of capex 90% 10% - 1. 50 - - 100% - 5. 36 10. 00 5. 32 2% of capex 5% of capex - 90% 10% 100% - - - 18. 00 2% of capex 100% - 10% of capex 100% 7% of capex 90% 10% - 5% of capex 100% - Procurement of suction emptier trucks Rs. 10. 00 lakhs/truck 0. 40/0. 10 (4 trucks - OSS, 1 truck - 75 trips/ month) Construction/ augmentation of wastewater treatment plant (15 15. 00 MLD) Construction/augmentation of sludge treatment facility Rs. 0. 01 lakhs/ 0. 10 (827 cu. m) cu. m Solid waste actions Procure additional equipments for primary collection of solid waste (30 bins) Operating cost Funding source assumption Unit cost O&M Grants ULB Private Rs. 0. 33 lakhs/bin 0. 10 - - - 0. 15 Rs. 11. 57 lakhs/ month (Rs. 165/ HH) - Procurement of new vehicles for collection and transportation (2 auto tipper + 1 compactor) Rs. 4. 00 lakhs/ tipper Rs. 20. 00 lakhs/ compactor Improvement in collection efficiency of municipal solid waste charges Engage with private service providers solid waste services (7, 000 HHs) IEC campaign for compliance and segregation Improving collection efficiency of municipal solid waste with present vehicles 1% of capex 100% Rs. 100/trip 0. 28 10% of capex 100%

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