CITATIONS BAILEY MLA WHAT IS MLA STYLE MLA
CITATIONS BAILEY
MLA • WHAT IS MLA STYLE? • MLA STYLE ESTABLISHES STANDARDS OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION CONCERNING: • FORMATTING AND PAGE LAYOUT • STYLISTIC TECHNICALITIES (E. G. ABBREVIATIONS, FOOTNOTES, QUOTATIONS) • CITING SOURCES • AND PREPARING A MANUSCRIPT FOR PUBLICATION IN CERTAIN DISCIPLINES. (ENGLISH AND HISTORY)
MLA IN-TEXT CITATION FORMATTING • ALWAYS INCLUDE: • AUTHOR LAST NAME • PAGE NUMBER • EXAMPLE: (BAILEY 3)
APA • WHAT IS APA STYLE? • APA STYLE ESTABLISHES STANDARDS OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION CONCERNING: • THE ORGANIZATION OF CONTENT • WRITING STYLE • CITING REFERENCES • AND HOW TO PREPARE A MANUSCRIPT FOR PUBLICATION IN CERTAIN DISCIPLINES (SCIENCE AND RESEARCH).
APA IN-TEXT CITATION FORMATTING • ALWAYS INCLUDE: • AUTHOR LAST NAME • YEAR PUBLISHED • PAGE NUMBER • EXAMPLE: (BAILEY, 1988, 3)
REMEMBER • YOUR LEAD IN IS WHERE YOU INTRODUCE THE QUOTE. • YOU CAN INTRODUCE YOUR QUOTE WITH OR WITHOUT THE AUTHORS LAST NAME, AND WITH OR WITHOUT THE PAGE NUMBER (YEAR AS WELL IF IT’S APA). IF YOU PROPERLY GIVE CREDIT TO THE AUTHOR AND THE PAGE NUMBER (YEAR), YOU DON’T NEED THE PARENTHESES. • EXAMPLE: BAILEY STATES, ON PAGE 3, THAT MANY
SHORT QUOTATIONS • A SHORT QUOTATION IS ANY DIRECT QUOTE THAT IS LESS THAN 3 SENTENCES. • FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN QUOTING SHORT PASSAGES OF PROSE, USE THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES: • (MLA) ACCORDING TO SOME, DREAMS EXPRESS "PROFOUND ASPECTS OF PERSONALITY" (FOULKES 184), THOUGH OTHERS DISAGREE. • (APA) ACCORDING TO FOULKES'S STUDY, DREAMS MAY EXPRESS "PROFOUND ASPECTS OF PERSONALITY" (2002, 184). • (MLA) ACCORDING TO FOULKE’S STUDY, ON PAGE 184, DREAMS MAY EXPRESS “PROFOUND ASPECTS OF PERSONALITY. ”
LONG QUOTATIONS • A LONG QUOTATION IS WHEN YOU HAVE A DIRECT QUOTE THAT IS 3 OR MORE SENTENCES LONG. NEVER PARAPHRASE LONG QUOTES. • FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN CITING MORE THAN THREE LINES OF PROSE, USE THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES WITH AN MLA CITATION: NELLY DEAN TREATS HEATHCLIFF POORLY AND DEHUMANIZES HIM THROUGHOUT HER NARRATION: Inde nt THEY ENTIRELY REFUSED TO HAVE IT IN BED WITH THEM, OR EVEN IN THEIR ROOM, AND I HAD NO MORE SENSE, SO, I PUT IT ON THE LANDING OF THE STAIRS, HOPING IT WOULD BE GONE ON THE MORROW. BY CHANCE, OR ELSE ATTRACTED BY HEARING HIS VOICE, IT CREPT TO MR. EARNSHAW'S DOOR, AND THERE HE FOUND IT ON QUITTING HIS CHAMBER. INQUIRIES WERE MADE AS TO HOW IT GOT THERE; I WAS OBLIGED TO CONFESS, AND IN RECOMPENSE FOR MY COWARDICE AND INHUMANITY WAS SENT OUT OF THE HOUSE. (BRONTE 78) IT IS CLEAR THAT BRONTE IS DISPLAYING …
LONG QUOTATIONS CONT. • *NOTE – WHEN WRITING A LONG QUOTE, DO NOT BEGIN WITH JUST THE QUOTE. YOU STILL NEED A LEAD IN. THAT LEAD IN, UNLESS IT STARTS THE PARAGRAPH, IS GOING TO BE ALONG THE MARGIN OF THE PAGE. • YOU SHOULD ALSO NEVER QUOTE YOUR SOURCE AND THEN LEAVE IT THERE WITHOUT FURTHER EXPLAINING HOW IT CONNECTS TO YOUR RESPONSE/ESSAY/LEAD IN. Edge of • HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN MLA LONG QUOTE IN AN ESSAY: essay
LONG QUOTATIONS CONT. • WHEN CITING LONG SECTIONS (MORE THAN TWO LINES) OF POETRY, KEEP FORMATTING AS CLOSE TO THE ORIGINAL AS POSSIBLE. THIS IS ALL QUOTED IN APA. IN HIS POEM "MY PAPA'S WALTZ“ FROM 1942, THEODORE ROETHKE EXPLORES HIS CHILDHOOD WITH HIS FATHER: THE WHISKEY ON YOUR BREATH COULD MAKE A SMALL BOY DIZZY; BUT I HUNG ON LIKE DEATH: SUCH WALTZING WAS NOT EASY. WE ROMPED UNTIL THE PANS SLID FROM THE KITCHEN SHELF; MY MOTHER'S COUNTENANCE COULD NOT UNFROWN ITSELF. (QUOTED IN SHRODES ET. AL, 2000, P. 202)
LONG QUOTATIONS CONT. • WHEN CITING TWO OR MORE PARAGRAPHS, USE BLOCK QUOTATION FORMAT, EVEN IF THE PASSAGE FROM THE PARAGRAPHS IS LESS THAN THREE LINES. INDENT THE FIRST LINE OF EACH QUOTED PARAGRAPH AN EXTRA QUARTER INCH. IN "AMERICAN ORIGINS OF THE WRITING-ACROSS-THE-CURRICULUM MOVEMENT, " DAVID RUSSELL ARGUES, WRITING HAS BEEN AN ISSUE IN AMERICAN SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION SINCE PAPERS AND EXAMINATIONS CAME INTO WIDE USE IN THE 1870 S, EVENTUALLY DRIVING OUT FORMAL RECITATION AND ORAL EXAMINATION. . FROM ITS BIRTH IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION HAS WRESTLED WITH THE CONFLICT WITHIN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY BETWEEN PRESSURE TO INCREASE SPECIALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND OF PROFESSIONAL WORK (UPHOLDING DISCIPLINARY STANDARDS) AND PRESSURE TO INTEGRATE MORE FULLY AN EVER-WIDERNING NUMBER OF CITIZENS INTO INTELLECTUALLY MEANINGFUL ACTIVITY WITHIN MASS SOCIETY (PROMOTING SOCIAL EQUITY). . (3)
PARAPHRASING • WHEN YOU ARE REWRITING YOUR OWN THE QUOTE IN YOUR OWN WORDS. SHOULD YOU STILL CITE?
OMITTING WORDS • WHAT DO WE USE WHEN WE OMIT WORDS FROM AN IN-TEXT CITATION? • ELLIPSES • EXAMPLE: “SHE WAS A LOVELY PERSON … THE LILY WAS PERFECT TO REPRESENT HER. ” (BAILEY 3)
DIFFERENT WAYS TO INTRODUCE YOUR INTEXT CITATIONS • WORDSWORTH STATED THAT ROMANTIC POETRY WAS MARKED BY A "SPONTANEOUS OVERFLOW OF POWERFUL FEELINGS" (263). ROMANTIC POETRY IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE "SPONTANEOUS OVERFLOW OF POWERFUL FEELINGS" (WORDSWORTH 263). • WORDSWORTH EXTENSIVELY EXPLORED THE ROLE OF EMOTION IN THE CREATIVE PROCESS (263).
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