CIRCUMSTANCES CIRCUMSTANCE PROBE EXAMPLE SUBCATEGORY PROBE temporal For

CIRCUMSTANCES

CIRCUMSTANCE PROBE EXAMPLE SUBCATEGORY PROBE temporal For how long? spatial How far? For three hours/ Every three hours EXTENT How. . . ? At what intervals? Every second step / for six miles He goes to church every Sunday. extent: spatial extent: temporal

CIRCUMSTANCE LOCATION PROBE EXAMPLE At what point? In April / before tea / recently / during the lesson In the yard/ from Rome / miles away SUBCATEGORY PROBE temporal When? spatial Where ? A hundred miles above him a lark was singing. Location: spatial I had the privilege to meet her in person last month. location: temporal LOCATION OR BENEFICIARY? She sent a parcel to New York. LOCATION She sent a parcel to her aunt. She sent her aunt a parcel. BENEFICIARY

CIRCUMSTANCE MANNER PROBE EXAMPLE SUB-CATEGORY PROBE With a hammer / by trickery Means By what means? Quickly Quality How? As fast as possible / like a top Comparison What like? How? He goes by taxi. Manner: means He loved her madly! / truly! / deeply! manner: quality He was jumping around like a monkey on a roof manner: comparison

MANNER: quality OR ATTRIBUTE? Last year went by faster This car is faster Last year went by. MANNER ATTRIBUTE MANNER: means OR AGENT? He was elected president by the committee. The committee elected him president AGENT He was elected president by the application of a new electronic system. MANNER: MEANS

CIRCUMSTANCE CAUSE PROBE Why? EXAMPLE SUBCATEGORY PROBE Because of / thanks to him/ for lack of $5 Reason Why? For better results / in the hope of a good deal Purpose For what purpose? Behalf On whose behalf? On behalf of us all The sheep died of thirst. cause: reason He went to the shop for cigarettes. cause: purpose He went to the shop for his mother. cause: behalf

CIRCUMSTANCE CONTINGENCY PROBE In what circumstances? EXAMPLE SUBCATEGORY PROBE In the event of rain / without more help condition Under what condition? In spite of the rain concession Despite what? In the absence of proof Default Lacking what? She managed to carry the parcel without any help. contingency: condition In spite of the strong wind the game was not cancelled. contingency: concession In the absence of definite proof, he was found not-guilty. contingency: default

CIRCUMSTANCE ACCOMPANIMENT PROBE EXAMPLE SUBCATEGORY With(out) his friends Comitative As well as them / instead of them Additive PROBE Who/what with? Together with? I left work without my briefcase. accompaniment: comitative She bought a new dress as well as a new pair of shoes. accompaniment: additive And who/ what else?

CIRCUMSTANCE PROBE EXAMPLE SUBCATEGORY PROBE As a concerned parent Guise What as? (Smashed) into pieces product What into? ROLE He lived a quiet life as a beekeeper. role: guise Cut the onions into cubes/into slices role: product

CICUMSTANCE PROBE EXAMPLE MATTER What about? About this / with reference to that ANGLE Says who? According to. . . This book is talking about Functional Grammar matter According to Manuel Cecco, there are two types of definition. angle