CIRCULATORY SYSTEM YEAR 10 SPORT SCIENCE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM YEAR 10 SPORT SCIENCE

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The circulatory system is made up of: Heart Blood vessels

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Function of Circulatory System: 1. Circulation of blood throughout the body Supply active muscle with oxygen to assist with breakdown and release of energy during contraction. Transport blood back to heart. 2. Removal of waste products By-products of energy production removed by the lungs

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Circulation of blood Blood is supplied to active muscles during exercise to provide oxygen for the breakdown of energy. During exercise, heart pumps faster to keep up with demand of oxygen needed by active muscles for contraction. This causes an increase in heart rate during exercise.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Removal of waste Through the breakdown of energy during muscle contraction, carbon dioxide (CO²) is formed. Lactate (lactic acid) is built up during anaerobic exercise. Blood is transported back to the lungs, where by-products including CO² and lactic acid are removed. Carbon dioxide and other excretory products are exchanged (exhaled) for oxygen (which is inhaled).

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Contribution to efficient movement Lungs and heart work together to pump oxygenated blood to muscles and removal waste products from deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the muscles. Trained athletes have lower resting heart rate. Average resting HR for teenager: 60 -70 bpm.

BLOOD Blood composition Plasma Blood cells Function of blood Transportation of oxygen to active muscles for energy production, removal of by-products Protection against infection and dehydration Temperature regulation and maintenance of body equilibrium- p. H

BLOOD VESSELS Blood vessels make up the vascular network through which all blood flows to all parts of the body. Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins

BLOOD VESSELS Veins and arteries transport blood around the body Arteries: away from heart Veins: return blood to heart

Capillaries extent from arterioles to venules Capillaries supply blood flow to an organ or muscle and allow for the exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other waste chemical substances between blood and surrounding tissues. Capillaries allow for transfer of O² from blood to muscles and removal of CO² from muscles to blood. CO² is then transported in blood to lungs, where it is exhaled, and O² inhaled.

LUNGS After exercise, deoxygenated blood from muscles is transported to lungs via the heart. CO² is exhaled from lungs, and O² inhaled. Oxygenated blood is now transported to the body (active muscles) via heart.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Two divisions: Pulmonary circulation Arteries and veins transport deoxygenated blood between heart and lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to heart. (Heart, right side) → Pulmonary arteries → (Lungs) → Pulmonary vein → (Heart, left side) Systemic circulation Arteries transport oxygenated blood to organs, muscles and tissue around the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. (Heart, left side) → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → (Heart, right side)

HEART

BLOOD CIRCULATION

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Blood returning from body via heart: Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava