CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Purpose n transportation move substances to

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Purpose: n transportation- move substances to and from cells n linking cells with the outside environment n Substances include: O 2, CO 2, H 2 O, nutrients (glucose), vitamins, hormones, and cell wastes

Types of Circulatory System n Open Circulatory System-blood not enclosed in vessels, it flows directly into body tissues where it bathes tissues Example- grasshopper- blood is kept moving by breathing and movement of animal n Note: blood is clear, No hemoglobin, it does not carry O 2 or CO 2 only nutrients and cellular wastes n

OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Types of Circulatory System n Closed Circulatory System- blood always contained in tubes or vessels n Example –Earthworm or Human n Note- Main difference between closed and open system is blood in closed system is under pressure, blood moves faster as a result

CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Human Circulatory System n 3 Main parts include n. Heart n. Blood vessels

Blood Vessels n Function–carry blood to and from the cells in the body n 3 types of blood vessels n Arteries- take blood away from the heart to body Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small arteries are called arterioles) n Thick , elastic walls n Blood under the most pressure n Contain O 2 -rich blood n

Blood Vessels n Veins- Return blood back to the heart from the body n Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small veins are called venules) n Thin, only slightly elastic n One-way valves help blood to flow in one direction n Muscles of the body help to squeeze the veins and move blood back to heart n Contain O 2 - poor blood (CO 2)

Blood Vessels n Capillaries- tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins n Single cell thick- very thin so materials can easily pass through to body cells (exchange gases and nutrients for wastes) n Narrow, thin vessels allow red cells to pass in a single file

HEART

HEART n Location- left center of chest between lungs n Function- muscular pump to push blood through blood vessels n Made of- Cardiac Muscle tissue n Never gets tired n Muscle fibers are intertwined n Muscle fibers contract and relax together as one unit

HEART n Heartbeat- lub-dub sound of closing valves (AV-valves then semi-lunar valves) n Cycle of heartbeat Contraction of heart= Systole (Squeeze) n Relaxation of heart = Diastole (Dilate) n n Pulse= heart rate found in your arteries (artery expands (heart contracts) and relaxes (heart relaxes) ASD_rev. html

HEART Heart Chambers n Atria- upper chambers (right & left) Receive blood from body or lungs n Thin walls n n Ventricles- lower chambers (right & left) n Push blood away to the body or lungs n Thick walls n Septum – wall in middle of heart that separates the O 2 rich side (left) from the O 2 poor side (right)

Blood Flow from left side of heart to right side of heart: 1. Left atria (bicuspid valve) 2. Left ventricle (semi-lunar valve) 3. Aorta (main artery) 4. Body (upper and lower) 5. Vena Cava Vein ( Superior[from above heart]& inferior [from below heart)

Blood Flow from left side of heart to right side of heart: 6. Right Atria (tricuspid valve) 7. Right Ventricle (semi-lunar valve) 8. Pulmonary Arteries (to lungs) 9. Lungs (exchange CO 2 for O 2) 10. Pulmonary Veins (to heart) 11. Left Atria (back at the beginning)

BLOOD PRESSURE n Unit- millimeters of Mercury (Hg) n Normal Adult Blood Pressure (BP) = 120/80 n 120 mm. Hg Systole/ 80 mm. Hg Diastole n Measurement Device- Sphygmomanometer (Blood Pressure Cuff) n Disorder- Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) n n Diagnosis- Blood Pressure number greater than 140 mm Systole or 90 mm Diastole Treatment- exercise, weight loss and medication

Disorders of Circulatory System n Atherosclerosis- (hardening of the arteries) excess cholesterol and fat deposits on inner walls of arteries restricting blood flow and increasing blood pressure n Treatment- Cholesterol medication (Lipitor) and diet restriction of fat and cholesterol

Disorders of the circulatory system n Heart attack (myocardial infarction) - Blood flow in the coronary artery becomes severely restricted or completely restricted and results in heart muscle death n Treatment: n n Angioplasty (balloon to open the artery’s blood flow) Stent- artificial brace to keep the artery open (like a Chinese finger puzzle) Bypass surgery- connect a new blood vessel around the blockage (artery from patient’s leg) Healthy Diet & exercise, lower stress, quit smoking

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM n Function- collects excess intracellular fluid and protein from intracellular spaces and returns it to the blood n Intracellular fluid – mostly water, salts, proteins and nutrients that help move materials between capillaries and the cells n Lymph Fluid is pushed through system by muscles contracting

Parts of Lymphatic system 1. Lymphatic Capillaries -absorb fluid and fluid goes into 2. Lymphatic vessels-tubes which connect to 3. Lymph ducts- which collect fluid and the fluid diffuses back into blood vessels

Parts of the lymphatic system ***Lymph nodes -many vessels come together and foreign matter [microbe] is filtered out of fluid, white blood cells are produced by some nodes***inflammation results and you get “swollen glands” Spleen- also considered part of the Lymph system