Circulatory System Overview of Circulatory System The circulatory
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Circulatory System
Overview of Circulatory System • The circulatory system is connected to all organ systems. It absorbs and transports nutrients and oxygen to cells and carries wastes (eg. CO 2, urea) for elimination by other parts of the body (eg. Lungs, kidneys)
The circulatory system is made up of THREE components: 1. Fluid (blood) 2. Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) 3. Pump (heart)
Blood and its Components
The Blood Component Function Plasma Fluid medium carrying gases, nutrients and wastes Red blood cells Contains hemoglobin that binds to O 2 to help transport it! White blood cells Platelets Protects body against bacteria/viruses, part of immune system Plays role in blood clotting
Blood Vessels There are three main types of blood vessels: 1. Arteries – carry oxgenated blood (O 2 -rich) AWAY from heart to cells of body. 2. Capillaries – tiny blood vessels that connect the arteries with the veins. 3. Veins – carry deoxygenated blood (O 2 -poor) from cells of body TO heart
• The mammalian heart consists of a double pump separated by the septum. • Composed of cardiac muscle tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial tissue and connective tissue. • Each pump consists of a thinwalled atrium and a thick-walled ventricle. • Therefore the mammalian heart has four chambers: 1. 2. 3. 4. Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle The Heart
Deoxygenated blood (O 2 poor) from body’s cells needs to go to lungs to be oxygenated – must pass heart! Oxygenated blood (O 2 rich) from lungs needs to go to body cells to be used – must pass heart! 1. Deoxygenated blood from the body cells flows through the vena cava into the right atrium. 4. Oxygenated blood from the lungs travels to the heart via the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium. 2. Deoxygenated blood flows through tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. 5. Oxygenated blood flows through the left atrioventricular valve into the left ventricle. 3. The right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary arteries where it travels to the lungs. Arteries carry blood away from the heart with the exception of the pulmonary arteries. 6. The muscular left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood through the aortic valve into the aorta where it travels to the body cells. Veins carry blood to the heart with the exception of the pulmonary veins.
Deoxygenated blood (O 2 poor) from body’s cells needs to go to _______ to be oxygenated – must pass heart! 1. Deoxygenated blood from the _________ flows through the __________ into the _____________. 2. Deoxygenated blood flows through tricuspid valve into the ________________. 3. The ____________ pumps the deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary valve into the _______________ where it travels to the ______. Oxygenated blood (O 2 rich) from lungs needs to go to __________ to be used – must pass heart! 4. Oxygenated blood from the ______ travels to the heart via the _______ and enters the ____________. 5. Oxygenated blood flows through the left atrioventricular valve into the ______________. 6. The muscular left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood through the aortic valve into the ______ where it travels to the __________.
Comparison of Vertebrate Hearts 2 chambers (eg. Fish) 3 chambers (eg. Frog) 4 chambers (eg. Human) What is the advantage of having a 4 chambered heart over 2 -chambered and 3 -chambered hearts seen in fish and amphibians (eg. Frogs)?
