CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CHAPTER 12 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM THE BODYS

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CHAPTER 12

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM • THE BODY'S DELIVERY SERVICE. • CIRCULATION: THE PROCESS WHERE THE HEART PUMPS BLOOD THROUGH THE BLOOD VESSELS TO THE ENTIRE BODY. PATHWAYS FOR CIRCULATION: • PULMONARY CIRCULATION • CARRIES BLOOD TO LUNGS AND BACK TO THE HEART • SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION • CARRIES BLOOD TO BODY AND BACK TO THE HEART

THE HEART • THE HEART IS COMPOSED ALMOST ENTIRELY OF MUSCLE. • THE HEART IS ABOUT THE SIZE OF YOUR FIST AND LIES IN THE THORACIC CAVITY BETWEEN THE LUNGS. • 2/3 OF THE HEART LIES TO THE LEFT OF THE STERNUM. • BEATS AT AN AVERAGE OF 72 TIMES A MINUTES, 100, 000 TIMES A DAY. AND 3 TRILLION TIMES IN AN AVERAGE LIFETIME.

BLOOD VESSELS • ARTERIES – CARRY OXYGENATED BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART TO ALL PARTS OF THE BODY • VEINS – CARRY UNOXYGENATED BLOOD TOWARD THE HEART FROM ALL PARTS OF THE BODY. • CAPILLARIES - MICROSCOPIC VESSELS THAT CARRY BLOOD BETWEEN THE ARTERIAL AND VENOUS VESSELS.

ARTERIES • • • VS LARGE & ELASTIC THICK-WALLED, MUSCULAR OXYGENATED BLOOD • EXCEPTION PULMONARY ARTERY • CARRIED UNDER GREAT PRESSURE • STEADY PULSATING ARTERIOLES: SMALLER VESSELS, ENTER TISSUE VEINS • Carries blood that contains waste and CO 2 • Exception pulmonary vein • Blood not under much pressure • Valves to prevent much gravity pull

HEART LAYERS • 3 LAYERS OF TISSUE: • PERICARDIUM– OUTERMOST, THIN SAC MEANT TO PROTECT THE HEART. • MYOCARDIUM – MIDDLE LAYER, IN THE WALLS OF THE HEART, CONTRACTION OF THE MYOCARDIUM PUMP BLOOD THROUGH SYSTEM.

HEART CHAMBERS • THE HEART IS DIVIDED INTO A RIGHT AND LEFT SIDE, BY A MUSCULAR WALL CALLED A SEPTUM • EACH SIDE HAS 2 CHAMBERS : • RIGHT AND LEFT ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE • BLOOD FLOWS THROUGH THE CHAMBERS IN ONLY 1 DIRECTION, WITH THE FLOW REGULATED BY THE VALVES.

FLOW OF BLOOD • RIGHT ATRIUM- RECEIVES UNOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM VEINS • RIGHT VENTRICLE- RECEIVE BLOOD FROM RIGHT ATRIUM AND CONTRACTS PUSHING UNOXYGENATED BLOOD PUMPS TO LUNGS. • LEFT ATRIUM- RECEIVES OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS AND PUMPS IT INTO THE LEFT VENTRICLE. • LEFT VENTRICLE- PUMPS BLOOD INTO THE AORTA (LARGEST ARTERY) WHICH

FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH THE BODY • PUMP TO THE HEART: • SUPERIOR & INFERIOR VENA CAVA RIGHT ATRIUM RIGHT VENTRICLE PULMONARY ARTERY LUNGS • PUMP AWAY FROM THE HEART: • LUNGS PULMONARY VEINS LEFT ATRIUM LEFT

BLOOD Blood Types: O, A, B, AB • ERYTHROCYTES-RED BLOOD CELLS • TRANSPORTERS OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE • PRODUCED IN RED BONE MARROW • LEUKOCYTES- WHITE BLOOD CELLS • ATTACK FOREIGN SUBSTANCES • LESS ABUNDANT BUT LARGE CELLS • THROMBOCYTES – PLATELETS • FOR CLOTTING BLOOD, FORMS A WEB TRAPPING BLOOD CELLS • PRODUCED IN BONE MARROW About 4 -6 liters of blood circulates through the average body. • Consists of • • Water Red Blood Cells Plasma White blood cells and platelets

Blood Clotting Section 37 -2 Break in Capillary Wall Clumping of Platelets Blood vessels injured. Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin. . Clot Forms Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood. .

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU MIX BLOOD TYPES? • PLASMA CONTAINS PROTEINS THAT CORRESPOND TO THE SHAPE OF THE DIFFERENT ANTIGENS • IF YOU MIX ONE TYPE WITH THE WRONG ONE, YOU GET CLUMPING • TYPE O IS THE UNIVERSAL DONOR • TYPE AB IS THE UNIVERSAL ACCEPTOR

JOBS AND PROFESSIONS • INTERNIST: PHYSICIAN WHO FOCUS ON HEALTH OF INTERNAL ORGANS. • CARDIOLOGIST: MED DOCTORS WHO DIAGNOSE, TEAT, AND TRY TO PREVENT PROBLEMS IN THE CARDIO SYSTEM. • CARDIOPULMONARY TECHNICIAN: AKA PERFUSIONIST. OPERATES A HEART AND LUNG MACHINE THAT REPLACES THE FUNCTION OF THE HEART AND LUNGS WHEN THEY MUST BE TEMP. STOPPED DURING SURGERY. • ECG/EKG TECHNICIAN: PERFORMS TEST SUCH AS EKGS AND STRESS

DISEASES • HYPERTENSION: HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. • STROKE: : OCCURS WHEN A BLOOD CLOT BLOCK THE FLOW OF THE BLOOD IN A VESSEL. • ANEURYSM: OCCURS WHEN THE WALL OF AN ARTERY IS WEAKENED AS A RESULT OF A DISEASE OR DEFECT PRESENT AT BIRTH OR TRAUMA. • CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD): NARROWING OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES THAT SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE HEART. • MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI, HEART ATTACK): WHEN BLOOD FLOW TO THE HEART IS CUT OFF. • CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF): OCCURS WHEN THE HEART CANNOT PUMP AT ITS USUAL CAPACITY.

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