Circulation Respiration Chapter 42 Circulatory systems w Closed
- Slides: 75
Circulation & Respiration Chapter 42
Circulatory systems w Closed circulatory system w Vertebrates w Blood w Enclosed in blood vessels & heart w Lymph system w Interstitial fluid
Functions w 1. Transportation w Substances needed for cellular respiration w A. Respiratory – CO 2 and O 2 w B. Nutritive – glucose w C. Excretory – Metabolic wastes, ions, water
Functions w 2. Regulation – Hormones – Temperature regulation (Endotherms) w 3. Protection – Clotting • Proteins, platelets – Immune defense • WBC, AB
Components of the system w Heart w Blood vessels w Blood
Heart w 4 chambered w Separates systemic & pulmonary blood systems w Systemic circulation: w Blood flow in the body w Pulmonary circulation: w Blood flow between the heart & lungs
Circulation
Circulation
Heart structure w w w w Atrium Small chambers Receive blood Ventricles Larger chambers Pump blood from heart Septum Separates chambers
Septum
Heart structure w w w w w Valves Atrioventricular valves (AV) Between the atrium & ventricles Tricuspid---right Bicuspid or Mitral---left Semilumar valves Exits from the ventricles Aortic valve (L ventricle) Pulmonary valve (R ventricle)
Valves
Heart structure w w w Heart sounds “lub-dub” -valves closing “lub” closing of the AV valves “dub” closing of the semilunar valves Murmur: Abnormal heart sound
Heart structure w w w w Superior & inferior vena cava Brings blood to heart from body Pulmonary arteries Blood from right side of heart to lungs Pulmonary veins Returns blood from lungs to heart Aorta Blood goes from the heart to body
Heart structure w Coronary arteries w First branches off the aorta w Supply blood to the heart
Coronary arteries
Circulation
Path of Blood Flow
Blood flow w Vena cava w Right atrium w Tricuspid valve (AV) w Right ventricle w Pulmonary valve (semilunar) w Pulmonary artery w Lungs
Blood flow w Pulmonary veins w Left atrium w Mitral valve (AV) w Left ventricle w Aortic valve (semilunar) w Aorta
Blood flow
Blood flow w Cardiac cycle: w One cycle of heart filling & emptying w Diastole w Heart resting w Heart filling with blood w AV valves open w Semilunar valves closed
Diastole
Blood flow w Systole w Ventricles contracting w Pumping blood out of the heart w AV valves closed w Semilunar valves open
Systole
Blood pressure w Measurement of pressure of blood in the arteries w Systolic measures ventricular contraction w Diastolic measures ventricular resting w Sphygmomanometer or BP cuff w Brachial artery w 120/80 normal
Blood pressure
Cardiac output w Volume of blood pumped by left ventricle to the body per minute w 5 liters per minute w Depends on heart rate w Stroke volume w Amount of pumped out per contraction (70 ml)
Cardiac output w Increases with exercise w Increased HR w Better stroke volume
Blood pressure w w w w Cardiac output Flow resistance in the arteries Affect BP More constriction higher BP More dilation lower BP Baroreceptors Aorta & carotids Medulla oblongata
Blood pressure w Depends on blood volume w Decreased cardiac output w Decreased BP
Conduction w Depolarization of heart muscle stimulates contraction w Heart contains autogenic cells w Self stimulate w SA node (sinoatrial) w Pacemaker of the heart w Located in R atrium wall w Near the superior vena cava
Conduction w SA node w Causes atrium to contract w Sends signal to the AV node w AV (atrioventricular) node w Located in wall between R atrium & ventricle w Sends signal to the bundle of His
Contraction w Bundle of His w Sends signal to the Purkinje fibers w Ventricles contract w SA⇨AV⇨Bundle of His⇨Purkinje fibers
Conduction
Conduction
EKG w w w w Electrocardiogram Records electrical impulses of the heart P-wave First wave-atrium contraction QRS-wave Ventricles contracting T-wave Heart re-polarization
EKG or ECG
Vessels w Arteries, arterioles w Veins, venules w Capillaries w arteries⇨arterioles⇨capillaries⇨venules⇨veins
Capillaries
Blood vessels
Vessels w Structure (except capillaries) w Inner layer is endothelium w Next is a layer of elastic fibers w Smooth muscle layer w Connective tissue w Capillaries w Endothelium only
Arteries w w w Carry oxygen rich blood away from heart Arterioles: Smaller arteries Larger the artery More elastic & recoil as blood is pumped
Arteries w w w w Vasoconstriction: Contraction of smooth muscle in arterioles Decrease blood flow Vasodilation: Relaxation of smooth muscle Increase blood flow Precapillary sphincters: Regulate blood flow
Veins w w w w Carry oxygen poor blood to heart Venules Smaller veins Less smooth muscle Skeletal muscles constrict Help flow of blood to heart Venous valves: Help blood flow to heart prevent backflow
Capillaries w Passage of oxygen & nutrients w Into cells or extracellular fluids w Passage of carbon dioxide & wastes w From cells to blood
Blood
Blood Plasma (matrix) yellow Metabolites, wastes, hormones Ions Proteins Albumin (fluids), globulins (antibodies), fibrinogen (clots) w Cells w RBC, WBC, platelets w w w
Blood cells
Blood formation
RBC (erythrocyte) w w w w O 2 & CO 2 transport Hemoglobin (protein) Erythropoietin Hormone (Kidney ) Stimulates RBC production Erythropoiesis RBC production from stem cells Spleen, bone marrow & liver remove RBC
Heme
Hemoglobin
RBC
WBC (leukocyte) Larger than RBC Contain a nucleus Fights against infection & FB Interstitial fluid as well as blood Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils w Non-granulocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes w w w
WBC
Platelets w Megakaryocyte (bone marrow) w Cell fragments w Clotting w First to site of injury w Fibrin (protein that forms clot)
Platelets
Clotting w Tissue damage w Platelets arrive w Cascade reactions start w Prothrombin changes to w Thrombin (enzyme) w Changes fibrinogen to fibrin w Forms clot
Fibrin
Blood w More RBC than WBC w Hematocrit w Measurement of RBC’s in the blood w RBC last about 120 days
Lymph system w Interstitial fluid w Fluid from blood plasma that leaves the capillaries w Surrounds the tissues w Lymph: w Returns to circulation via lymph system w Lymph nodes, lymph vessels & organs (spleen & thymus)
Edema w Swelling of tissues w Usually ankles or feet w Interstitial fluid cannot be returned w Low protein (albumin) w Liver disease w Heart disease w Pregnancy
Varicose veins w Too much blood in legs w Valves veins do not work
MI
Flutter
Atherosclerosis
Aneurysm
Infarct
Pacemaker
VSD
MVP
- Do clams have a closed circulatory system
- Chapter 37 respiration circulation and excretion
- Single vs double circulatory system
- Single circulation and double circulation
- Alveoli diagram
- Closed circulatory system
- Arthropoda phylogeny
- Arteries and veins difference
- Difference between open and closed circulatory system
- Open circulatory system vs closed
- Frog circulatory system
- Chapter 33 circulatory and respiratory systems
- External vs internal respiration
- External and internal respiration
- Normally closed timed closed contact symbol
- Energy analysis of closed systems
- Circulatory system interactions with other systems
- Main functions of the digestive system
- Chapter 34 circulation in humans concept mapping answer key
- Chapter 34 section 2 the respiratory system
- Chapter 14 circulation and blood vessels
- Chapter 42 circulation and gas exchange
- Types of capillaries
- Capillary bed labeled
- Open and closed stratification systems
- Open closed and isolated system
- Energy analysis of closed systems
- Open information system
- Entropy balance for closed system
- Chapter 8 section 3: cellular respiration
- Chapter 16:7 reading an aneroid sphygmomanometer
- Oxidative phosphorylation enzymes
- Chapter 9 cellular respiration harvesting chemical energy
- Chapter 9: cellular respiration: harvesting chemical energy
- How do plants get glucose
- Two circulation syndrome
- Blood flow circuit
- Major arteries and veins of the systemic circuit
- Circulation of air masses
- Hepatic protal system
- Plan de circulation usine
- Teeth of herbivorous animals
- Step migration ap human geography
- Types of vertical circulation
- Elimination vs clearance
- Circulation extracorporelle
- Secretion of bicarbonate ions
- Placental circulation flow chart
- Kingdom animalia fish
- Figure 11-6
- Estuary circulation
- Vorticity and circulation
- Estuary circulation
- Single cell model of atmospheric circulation
- Components of bile
- Function of arterioles
- Chapter 11 the cardiovascular system figure 11-3
- Figure 11-8 arteries
- Fetal circulation flow chart
- Circulates air between 60-90 latitudes
- Convection circulation
- Kelvin circulation theorem
- Dorsal scapular artery
- One pipe circulation
- Strictly private and confidential
- 3 shunts of fetal circulation
- Circulation cells
- Circulation sanguine
- Guest circulation pattern
- Atmospheric circulation
- Circulation of blood
- Figure 11-9 is a diagram of the hepatic portal circulation
- Mojo magazine circulation
- Blood circulation
- Capillary bed labeled
- Flow