Ciliates Out line General features of Ciliates Blantidium
Ciliates
Out line § General features of Ciliates § Blantidium coli § Epidemiology, habitat , morphology, transmission and life cycle, clinical features , laboratory diagnosis , treatment , prevention and control
Learning Objectives At the end students will be able to: ¨ discuss the general features ciliates ¨ recognize the epidemiological aspects of Blantidium coli ¨ illustrate the life cycle of Blantidium coli ¨ apply the necessary procedures for the laboratory diagnosis of Blantidium coli ¨ detect and identify Blantidium coli using appropriate laboratory procedures
Ciliates General features n have trophozoites and cyst n The trophozoites are covered with short hairs (cilia ) by which they move n They reproduce asexually by binary fission and sexually by conjugation n They posses two dissimilar nuclei (Macro and micronucleus ) & large contractile vacuole
Blantidium coli n The largest protozoan parasite of man Epidemiology n World wide being more commonly found amongst those who keep pigs, and uses pig faeces as fertilizer especially in warmer climates n In Ethiopia it was reported from Debre Brerahn.
n Habitat: Trophozoite and cyst in the large intestine of pig and rarely man Morphology: Trophozoite Size: 50 -200 m by 40 -70 m Shape: Oval, with one pole more rounded than the other Motility: Rapid motility, crossing the field in a definite direction and sometimes turning in circle.
Cilia: Cover the whole body and many around the cytostome Nucleus: a large kidney shaped macronucleus and a small micronucleus Cytostome: a sort of “mouth” that contracts and expands to draw in debris also has cytopyge Contractile vacuole : one of the two may be visible
Cyst Size : 50 -70 m, the size of a round worm egg Shape: round Shell: thin double wall Nuclei: one large kidney shape macronucleus & one small Micronucleus beside the large nucleus Cytoplasm: granular, greenish, filled with inclusion bodies. Cilia(inside wall) : sometimes be seen in younger cyst
Transmission and life cycle Ø Human acquires through ingestion of contaminated food or water or hands contaminated with pig faeces containing cyst life cycle
life cycle
n n Following ingestion, excystation occurs in the small intestine The trophozoites reside in the lumen of the large intestine of humans and animals, where they replicate Trophozoites undergo encystation to produce infective cysts n Some trophozoites invade the wall of the colon and multiply n Some return to lumen and disintegrate Mature cysts are passed with feces
Clinical feature ¨ Infection with B. coli can be without symptoms unless the ciliates invade the intestinal wall ¨ Invasion cause inflammation and ulceration, leading to dysentery with blood and mucus being passed with faeces
Laboratory Diagnosis ¨ Finding the tropozoites in dysenteric faecal specimens and the cysts in formed or semiformed faeces ¨ In dysenteric specimens the ciliates usually contain ingested red cell Treatment ¨ Tetracycline, metronidazole
Prevention and Control 1. Avoid contamination of food or drink 2. Improving personal hygiene especially those who keep pigs. 3. Treatment and health education.
summary 1. What are unique features of B. coli among other intestinal protozoa? 2. What is the diagnostic and infective stage of the B. coli? 3. What is the prevention and control method of B. coli?
- Slides: 15