CIGARETTES JESSE PARKER HISTORY OF TOBACCO USE Earliest

CIGARETTES JESSE PARKER

HISTORY OF TOBACCO USE • Earliest Use • Tobacco in the U. S. Colonies • Mechanizations and Marketing • Opposition and Escalation • Costs of smoking

STATE CIGARETTE TAX IN HIGHEST TAXING STATES

EXTENT OF TOBACCO USE • Demographics of smoking • Women and smoking • Smokeless tobacco • Tobacco use in other countries • Clove cigarettes and bidis • Cigars

PER CAPITA CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION IN SELECTED COUNTRIES

LIFETIME, PAST YEAR, AND PAST MONTH USE OF CIGARS, BY AGE, 1999

HOW NICOTINE WORKS IN THE BRAIN? • The primary effect of nicotine is to stimulate the CNS • Affecting the site for Acetyl Choline, named nicotinic receptors. , because they are excited by nicotine. One of the effects is the release of adrenaline, which increase blood pressure and heart rate. Another effect is to inhibit activity of the gastrointestinal system. •

NICOTINE IN THE BRAIN, …. • As most smokers will tell you, a cigarette is a relaxing factor in their lives. Part of this reaction may be due to the effects in the brain promotes a greater levels of clear thinking and concentration ; also nicotine in moderate doses serves to reduce muscle tone so that muscle tightness is reduced. Research has shown that cigarette smoking helps to sustain performance on monotonous tasks, and to improve short term memory.

RATES OF NICOTINE DEPENDENCE FOR YOUNGER SMOKERS

PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS ON THE INDIVIDUAL • Pharmacology • Physical Effects • Heart disease and strokes • Respiratory diseases • Cancer • Tobacco and pregnancy • Tobacco and physical activity

HEALTH EFFECTS OF SMOKING

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MAINSTREAM SMOKE

PASSIVE SMOKE • Passive smoke • Also called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) • Divided into mainstream and sidestream smoke • Effects on nonsmokers • Effects on children of smokers

RIGHTS OF SMOKERS VERSUS NONSMOKERS • Anti-smoking Legislation • Tobacco Settlement

CESSATION TECHNIQUES • Nicotine gum • Aversive techniques • Nicotine patches • Behavior modification • Nicotine inhalers • Hypnosis • Drug therapy • Acupuncture