ChromosomesDNA Mutations Chromosome Mutation n Mutations are permanent

  • Slides: 18
Download presentation
Chromosomes/DNA Mutations

Chromosomes/DNA Mutations

Chromosome Mutation n Mutations are permanent gene or chromosome changes that will be passed

Chromosome Mutation n Mutations are permanent gene or chromosome changes that will be passed on to offspring if they occur in a gamete n Two categories of chromosome mutation-Those that affect the # of chromosomes and those that affect the structure of the chromosome

ANEUPLOIDY n. Aneuploidy- an excess or deficiency of a particular chromosome.

ANEUPLOIDY n. Aneuploidy- an excess or deficiency of a particular chromosome.

ANEUPLOIDY n Trisomy- occurs when an individual has an extra copy of a chromosome

ANEUPLOIDY n Trisomy- occurs when an individual has an extra copy of a chromosome n Monosomy- occurs when an individual is missing one chromosome.

TRISOMY n The most common trisomy is Down Syndrome…. which is a trisomy of

TRISOMY n The most common trisomy is Down Syndrome…. which is a trisomy of the 21 st Chromosome.

ANEUPLOIDY n The cause of aneuploidy is Non-disjunction- this occurs during Meiosis. When either

ANEUPLOIDY n The cause of aneuploidy is Non-disjunction- this occurs during Meiosis. When either the homologous pair (Meiosis I) or the sister Chromatids (Meiosis II) fail to separate and instead go into the same gamete.

DNA Mutations n. A Gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotide bases n. A

DNA Mutations n. A Gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotide bases n. A Gene Mutation is any change in this DNA sequence of nucleotide bases.

POINT MUTATION n POINT MUTATION- a change in a single base pair. n Sometimes

POINT MUTATION n POINT MUTATION- a change in a single base pair. n Sometimes this can cause no change. Sometimes it can produce a new A. A. n It may or may not interfere with protein synthesis.

FRAMESHIFT MUTATION n. A mutation in which a single base pair is added or

FRAMESHIFT MUTATION n. A mutation in which a single base pair is added or deleted. This causes a shift in the reading of the codons by one base n Insertion or Deletion one base of a DNA molecule will change nearly every amino acid in the protein.

DELETION n Deletion- The loss of an inner chromosomal fragment- or when an end

DELETION n Deletion- The loss of an inner chromosomal fragment- or when an end of a chromosome breaks off. n

INSERTION (DUPLICATION) n Insertion- The presence of a chromosome segment more than once in

INSERTION (DUPLICATION) n Insertion- The presence of a chromosome segment more than once in the same chromosome.

INVERSION n Inversion- the change of direction of a chromosomal segment when it breaks

INVERSION n Inversion- the change of direction of a chromosomal segment when it breaks out and is re-inserted backwards.

TRANSLOCATION n Translocation- The movement of chromosomal segments from one chromosome to another, nonhomologous

TRANSLOCATION n Translocation- The movement of chromosomal segments from one chromosome to another, nonhomologous chromosome

Today’s Assignment!! n You are to draw, color, and label Chromosome Mutations on page

Today’s Assignment!! n You are to draw, color, and label Chromosome Mutations on page 308. n You may not trace! n It must be on PLAIN white paper!! n It needs to be as large as the paper…not too small!! n Due tomorrow…so get busy!!

MUTATION SPONTANEOUS MUTATIONS INDUCED MUTATIONS MUTATIONS Mutations areMUTATION SPONTANEOUS MUTATIONS INDUCED MUTATIONS MUTATIONS Mutations are
Types of Chromosome Mutations Chromosome Mutations Deletion DeficiencyTypes of Chromosome Mutations Chromosome Mutations Deletion Deficiency
Types of Chromosome Mutations Chromosome Mutations Deletion DeficiencyTypes of Chromosome Mutations Chromosome Mutations Deletion Deficiency
Types of Chromosome Mutations Chromosome Mutations Changes inTypes of Chromosome Mutations Chromosome Mutations Changes in
Types of Chromosome Mutations Chromosome Mutations Deletion DeficiencyTypes of Chromosome Mutations Chromosome Mutations Deletion Deficiency
Chromosome Structure and Mutations Genetics Chromosome Mutations IncludeChromosome Structure and Mutations Genetics Chromosome Mutations Include
Mutations Mutations Hollywoods images of mutation Mutations ActualMutations Mutations Hollywoods images of mutation Mutations Actual
Mutations Hollywoods images of mutation Mutations Actual MutationsMutations Hollywoods images of mutation Mutations Actual Mutations
Chromosome Oragnisation What chromosome is made of chromosomeChromosome Oragnisation What chromosome is made of chromosome
Chromosome and its Structure Chromosome Chromosome means chromaChromosome and its Structure Chromosome Chromosome means chroma
Mutations Mutations overview Smallscale mutations Missense mutations NonsenseMutations Mutations overview Smallscale mutations Missense mutations Nonsense
Mutations Mutations Types of Mutations Point Mutations occursMutations Mutations Types of Mutations Point Mutations occurs
Mutation Testing Mutation Testing n n Mutation testingMutation Testing Mutation Testing n n Mutation testing
MUTATION TESTING MUTATION TESTING Mutation testing is aMUTATION TESTING MUTATION TESTING Mutation testing is a
Mutation What is a Mutation A mutation isMutation What is a Mutation A mutation is
MUTATION CONTINUATION B Chromosomal mutation Aberration Mutation thatMUTATION CONTINUATION B Chromosomal mutation Aberration Mutation that
Mutation Mutation is defined as any permanent heritableMutation Mutation is defined as any permanent heritable