Christopher Columbus 1451 1506 Columbus Four Voyages Ferdinand

Christopher Columbus [1451 -1506]

Columbus’ Four Voyages

Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16 c

The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs vs. Fernando Cortes Moctezuma II

The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa

IMPACT OF COLUMBUS ü On Africans- Before slave trade ended in the 1800 s, 10 million Africans taken ü On Europeans- Biggest voluntary migration in world history ü On Trade- Columbian Exchange meant new goods & products flowed between continents

The “Columbian Exchange” v Squash v Avocado v Peppers v Sweet Potatoes v Turkey v Pumpkin v Tobacco v Quinine v Cocoa v Pineapple v Cassava v POTATO v Peanut v TOMATO v Vanilla v MAIZE v Syphilis v Trinkets v Liquor v GUNS v Olive v COFFEE BEAN v Banana v Rice v Onion v Turnip v Honeybee v Barley v Grape v Peach v SUGAR CANE v Oats v Citrus Fruits v Pear v Wheat v HORSE v Cattle v Sheep v Pigs v Smallpo v Flu v Typhus v Measles v Malaria v Diptheria v Whooping Cough x

• Name ONE thing the Americas brought to Europe • Name TWO things Africa brought to the Americas. • Name THREE things Europe brought to Africa.

European Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

Where are we going? Exploration We have Explored (travel, seek, find, Look for Colonization Now it time to settle Into our colonies

Coming to America • The colonies needed people to grow and prosper. – Settlers came voluntarily. – Others came because they were • criminals or prisoners of war from England Scotland could earn their release if they worked for a period of time (seven years). • seized and brought as slaves from Africa. • indentured servants who worked without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for their passage.

European Empires in the Americas

• What’s the difference between an explorer and a colonist?

French Colonization

Early Explorations of North America by the French • In 1534, the French explorer Jacques Cartier came to Canada and claimed it for France. He made subsequent voyages in 1535 -1536, and 1541. • In the 16 th century, the French made efforts to establish settlements in Newfoundland Nova Scotia. These, however, failed. Jacques Cartier • In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec. • By 1681, La Salle had explored the Mississippi to its mouth and claimed the entire Mississippi Valley region for France. Samuel de Champlain

New France • The French settlement in the Americas grew slowly. – The French were interested mainly in the fishing and fur trade at first. – Their settlement called New France became a royal colony in 1663.

New France • They had settlements in two regions: – North in Quebec and along the St. Lawrence River. • They consisted mostly of forts, trading posts, and later large estates. – South along the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. • La Salle claimed the region called Louisiana for France. • In 1718 the port city of New Orleans was founded.

French Colonization • Eventually, French colonized Canada especially along the St. Lawrence Seaway, had some Frenchmen in the Great Lakes Region, and also in Louisiana. Actually, the French controlled more land in North America at one time than any other European power except for a short time period when the Spanish controlled Louisiana.

• In what part of North America did the French colonize and what were they mostly interested in?

English Colonization

EARLY BRITISH COLONIES – SECTION 3 • Beginning in the early 1600 s, the English established colonies along the eastern coast of North America • 1607: Jamestown was first to be settled • John Smith led this group of settlers • Colony struggled at first, then was saved by Tobacco crop

PURITANS CREATE A “NEW ENGLAND” PURITAN, OR “PILGRIM” • The 16 th century Reformation caused a split in the Christian Church; Catholics and Protestants • One extreme group of Protestant reformers – the Puritans sought to cleanse or “purify” their religion of all traces of Catholicism

ENGLAND’S COLONIES PROSPER • Throughout the 1600 s and 1700 s, more British Colonies were established • By 1752, the English Crown had assumed more & more responsibility for the 13 colonies • Mercantilism & Navigation Acts were two such ways that the English government controlled the colonies King George III

• In what part of North America did the English colonize? • What was the first place to be settled by the English? • Who were the Puritans?

Spanish Colonization

New Spain • Spain had a large empire in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central, and South America called New Spain.

New Spain • To keep control and protect their claims, they sent soldiers, missionaries, and settlers north of this region into – present-day New Mexico, where Santa Fe was founded in late 1609 or early 1610 – Arizona in the late 1600 s – the region that is now Texas in the early 1700 s, establishing San Antonio and other military posts – California

Where did the Spanish begin to create their empire? What present day American cities did the Spanish settle in?

European colonization in the Americas Spain France England Portugal Netherlands Plantation colonies in the Caribbean and Amazon basin Trading post colonies in St. Lawrence, Great Lakes, and Mississippi regions. Plantation colonies in Southern English colonies. Plantation colonies Caribbean and Amazon basin Trading post colonies in the Americas. Settler colonies Jamestown based at first on trading, then later became known as a religious settlement. Settler colonies along the Hudson river