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Respiratory System Respiratory Diseases/ Disorders 10 Point WHA? ? Cellular Respiration ATP 10 Point 20 Points 20 Points 30 Points 30 Points 40 Points 40 Points 50 Points 50 Points
What are these structures? What process occurs here? Why is this process important?
Alveoli Gas exchange energy
What part of the respiratory system is represented by the rubber sheet? Explain how pulling down on the rubber sheet causes air to rush into the balloons.
Rubber sheet = diaphragm Pulling down on it increases the amount of space inside the bell jar and lowers the air pressure so that the air pressure inside the jar is lower than the air pressure outside the jar. Air rushes in (from high to low pressure)
These structures sweep foreign particles up and out of the trachea to be swallowed
cilia
Air passes into the respiratory system through these tubes in this order. Which tubes have cartilaginous rings? What is their function?
Trachea and bronchi have cartilaginous rings; bronchioles don’t Bronchioles Function of cartilaginous rings – keeps the tubes open (prevents collaspse)
Label the diagram. Describe the function of structures 1 & 5 1 1 5 2 6 7 3 4 8 9 5
Nasal cavity – warms, moistens and filters air Epiglottis – covers over trachea when swallowing – prevents food from getting stuck in trachea 1 5 2 6 7 3 4 8 9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. nasal cavity trachea left lung bronchus epiglottis larynx bronchiole Alveoli diaphragm
This disease involves inflammation and constriction of the bronchioles
Asthma
2 respiratory diseases caused by smoking Daily Double!!!
Lung cancer and 3 Emphysema
Highly contagious; caused by bacteria invading alveoli
tuberculosis
Alveoli lose elasticity; damaged
emphysema
Explain: • Why a student who exercises beforehand may do better on a test (e. g. math problems) than a student that does not exercise before the test. • Why a student would not be able to squeeze a clothespin as many times (in one minute) in the 5 th and 6 th trial as they could in the 1 st and 2 nd trial of an experiment.
• Exercising beforehand gets the heart pumping blood faster and the breathing rate is faster so the student’s brain is already supplied with more oxygen than normal, as well as having carbon dioxide (and lactic acid removed at a faster rate) than normal • Lactic acid built up from previous trials creates muscle fatigue, preventing the student from squeezing as many times/minute Slide 3
This molecule causes muscle fatigue
Lactic acid
the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of respiration in yeast
Increasing temperature increases the rate of cellular respiration till 50° C (then the enzymes are denatured and the rate decreases)
Gas exchange occurs between these two structures of the respiratory and circulatory systems
Alveoli and capillaries
These two organ systems provide the materials to make ATP What each system provides to make ATP
Digestive and Respiratory systems Glucose and oxygen
If fermentation does not produce ATP, then why is it necessary for anaerobic organisms (or during strenuous activity)
It allows more glucose to be broken down (by glycolysis) by recycling NADH back to NAD is needed to remove H from glucose during glycolysis
This organelle and the type of respiration that occurs here Daily Double!!!
Mitochondria Aerobic Cellular Respiration
these two organisms do anaerobic respiratrion
bacteria and yeast
3 products of fermentation Daily Double!!!
Alcohol Carbon dioxide Lactic acid
4 possible fates of pyruvic acid
In bacteria – broken down to lactic acid and carbon dioxide In yeast (no oxygen present) – broken down to alcohol and carbon dioxide In humans – broken down to carbon dioxide and water In humans during heavy muscle activity – converted to lactic acid
Word equation for aerobic cellular respiration Word equation for anaerobic cellular respiration in yeast Explain how cellular respiration is responsible for muscle fatigue during strenuous exercise What is oxygen debt?
Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + 36 ATP Glucose carbon dioxide + alcohol + 2 ATP Muscles use up oxygen, then switch to anaerobic respiration, producing lactic acid which causes muscle fatigue Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid back to pyruvic acid
ATP is made from these two molecules
ADP and a P group
Where energy is stored in molecules
Chemical bonds
The energy in the high energy bond of ATP comes directly from this molecule
Glucose
# of ATP produced during: - anaerobic respiration - aerobic respiration (total) - glycolysis - fermentation
# of ATP produced during: - anaerobic respiration 2 - aerobic respiration (total) 36 - glycolysis 2 - fermentation 0
Why is ATP important? Describe the ATP cycle.
Stores energy from cellular respiration in a usable form ATP P P+ energy (from cellular respiration) ADP P + usable energy (from cellular respiration)
Make your wager
Final Answer
Final Question
- Slides: 56