Chinese Education Development of Chinese Education Imperial examinations

Chinese Education

Development of Chinese Education Imperial examinations and official education Following the Qin-Han period (221 BC-220 AD), China’s system of selecting officials underwent numerous changes. During the Sui-Tang period (581 -907 AD), the imperial government permitted members of the literati, to apply for court positions. By the time of the Qing Dynasty (16361911 AD), Confucius was known as the “Most Holy Ancestral Sage, ” or simply, the Sage, and was worshipped as the deity in charge of education, ethics, and the imperial examination system

Development of Chinese Education Wisdom and Beliefs in education Human beings have only one home under the heavens. How we arrange our domestic lives and how we live together in harmony is the essence of traditional Chinese thinking. 1. Chinese culture regards human life as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature 2. Its emphasis on harmonious human relationships 3. Chinese thinking stresses self-reflection.

Development of Chinese Education Popular education 1. China’s Spring and Autumn and Warring States period (770 -221 BC) producing the famous “Hundred Schools” period 2. After the Han Dynasty, Confucianism became the official state ideology. 3. The popular academies of the Song Dynasty served not only to supplement the Tai Xue Imperial College and provide training for the imperial examinations

Development of Chinese Education Confucianism The teachings of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, the curriculum were mainly based on The Four Books and The Five Classics.

Development of Chinese Education Civil Exam The civil service exam system from Han dynasty had been used until the Qing dynasty. Changes had been made throughout thousands years of history, more western influence were bought into the Chinese education system during the Qing dynasty.

Development of Chinese Education New Era In 1985, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party issued the "Decision on the Reform of the educational Structure", laying down the principle that local governments should be responsible for basic education. In 1986, the National People's Congress promulgated the "Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China", thus placing basic education in the country on a firm legal basis. China started a system of 9 -year compulsory education.

Modern Education in China Modern education Project 211 is the Chinese government's new endeavor aimed at strengthening about 100 institutions of higher education and key disciplinary areas as a national priority for the 21 st century. There are 112 universities in the project 211. Project 985 is a constructive project for founding world-class universities in the 21 st century conducted by the government of the People’s Republic of China. On May 4, 1998, President Jiang Zemin declared that “China must have a number of first-rate universities of international advanced level”, so Project 985 was launched.

Modern Education in China Teaching Reform in Higher Education in China 1. In HEIs, the idea that with training talents as its basic task, teaching as its melody, how to increase the education equality is its eternal theme, teaching reform is the core of any other reforms, and undergraduate education is its basis is becoming the dominant idea for higher education 2. The completion of the reservation of the discipline catalogue and disciplines adjustment and the beginning of the over all reservation of teaching plan.

Modern Education in China 3. Entering a substantial key stage for the reform of teaching contents and curriculum. The former SEDC launched the "Reform Plan of Teaching Contents and Curriculum of Higher Education Facing the 21 st Century" in 1994, formally ratifying the establishment of 211 big projects and nearly a thousand sub-projects with tens of thousands teachers participating. 4. The initial success of talents training bases for basic disciplines and the teaching bases of basic courses

Modern Education in China 5. The enhancement of cultural education of university students and the exploration of new talents training models 6. The increase of the vitality of short 2 -3 years higher education in the reform 7. The establishment of macro management system on quality of higher education made stable progress 8. The importance attached to the research of higher education theory and directing teaching reform with scientific theory

Modern Education in China 9. The track of managing higher education through laws 10. The assurance of further deepened reform through further improvement of schooling conditions

The Construction of Teaching Contingent From the end of l 980's to the early l 990's, the problems of aging, lacking young teachers and low qualification have obviously shown up concerning the teaching contingent in HEIs. To change the situation, educational administrative departments at various levels and HEIs made different policies and took all kinds of measures, After l 0 years unremitting efforts, all those problems have been solved primarily.

The Construction of Teaching Contingent 1) With many young teachers replenished, the age structure of teachers' contingent has been adjusted. A number of middle-aged and young teachers have gradually developed themselves and become the backbone teams in teaching and research. 2) The policies relative to position promotion have been made and the position structure of teaching contingent has been adjusted. 3) The proportion of Ph. Ds and masters to be selected and remained in HEIs has been increased and the degree structure of teachers has been adjusted. 4) The knowledge structural of teachers has been adjusted through in-service training, offering in-service degree education, selecting teachers to go aboard for advanced studies and carrying out cooperative research. The teachers contingent is replenished and the development of new disciplines is promoted by recruiting the returning overseas students.

The Industry, Teaching And Research In HEIs In recently years, taking full advantage of their talents, knowledge, science and technology, the HEIs emphasized the practical research and development in the light of economic construction of our country and made great effort to serve the central task of economic construction while at the same time strengthening the basic research.