Chinese Civil War How do Mao and the

Chinese Civil War How do Mao and the Communists gain control of China? VS

Chinese Civil War (1945 -1949) Mao Zedong (CCP) Chiang Kai-Shek (KMT) Communists Nationalists Common Name Northern Area Southern China controlled China Soviet Union Foreign United States Support Communism and Domestic Policy Capitalism and defeat national liberation of Communists Strong support from peasants Public Support from wealthy, little elsewhere Experienced, motivate, Military Organization Ineffective, corrupt, guerilla warfare poor morale

Truce During WW II • Most of the fighting in WW II was done by Mao’s Red Army • During the war US gave $1. 5 billion to Nationalists to fight Japan • Most of this money is wasted or “stolen” Mao’s Red Army (CCP) vs. Chiang’s Nationalist Army (KMT) • US gives additional $2 billion to help Nationalists beat Communists • Nationalists winning at first but China’s economy worsens • US money is poorly spent & people are upset with Nationalists • Nationalists troops begin defecting to Red Army • By 1949, Mao controls most of China • Chiang & what is left of his army flee to Taiwan

People’s Republic of China vs. Republic of China • US helps Chiang set up a govt. on Taiwan & pledges protection • Chiang insists legitimate govt is on Taiwan “Republic of China” • Mao signs a friendship treaty with Soviet Union • Mao insists legit govt is in China “The People’s Republic of China” • UN can’t recognize Mao’s “People’s Republic of China” as legitimate • “Loss of China” makes US increase their sphere of influence in Asia Mao Expands China • 1950: Red Army invades Tibet. Mao promise self rule, but instead forces Tibet into communism. • Tibetans protest, Mao crushes protestors w/ Red Army. Dalai Lama flees • 1950: China invades Inner Mongolia and annexes it • Mao stops there since rest of Mongolia is under Soviet sphere of Influence

Life in Mao’s China Let 1000 flowers bloom Land Policy • Mao seizes land to give to the peasants • Mao has one million landowners killed who resist • Mao nationalizes all businesses Great Leap Forward • Large collective farms are formed • Poor planning results in a famine that kills 20 million people Cultural Revolution • Wants to create more social equality • Forms the Red Guards who were HS & college students loyal to Mao • Red Guards terrorize & re-educate those with an advantage(esp. intellectuals)